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A & P II
blood
52
Biology
Undergraduate 2
05/23/2013

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Term
Leukopoiesis
Definition
Formation of leukocytes
Term

Reticulocyte

 

Definition
A young erythrocyte; normally 1-2% of erythrocytes in the blood are reticulocytes
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
a decreased # of leukocytes in the blood
Term
Anemia
Definition
too few erythrocytes or too little hemoglobin in the blood
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
[image]
Term
Neutrophils
Definition

also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes;

the most numerous of leukocytes;

have 3-5 lobes;

phagocytes that usually respond early in the defense of the body

Term
Thrombopoiesis
Definition
Formation of platelets
Term
Fibrinolysis
Definition
The breakdown of a blood clot
Term
Agranulocytes
Definition
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Term
Internal Pathway
Definition
In coagulation; a series of chemical reactions involving coagulation factors only in the blood
Term
Calcium
Definition
an essential mineral for coagulation
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Term
Leukemia
Definition
a cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells usually resulting in high leukocytes (WBC's)
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
A hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes; produced mostly by the KIDNEYS
Term
Monocytes
Definition
large leukocytes with a curved or bent nucleus; transform in macrophages
Term
Macrophages
Definition
usually respond later than neutrophils; present in long term conditions
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
leukocytes with bilobed nuclei and large red cytoplasmic granules; the # is increased with allergies, parasites, and certain cancers
Term
Anticoagulant
Definition
a substance that inhibits coagulation; ex heparin
Term
Folic acid and vitamin B12
Definition
vitamins essential for erythropoiesis
Term
Albumin
Definition
The most abundant plasma protein; a carrier molecule; a pH buffer; and an important contributor to osmotic pressure
Term
Plasmin
Definition
an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of a blood clot
Term
Serum
Definition
blood plasma without its coagulation factors (the liquid remaining after coagulation
Term
Basophils
Definition
Leukocytes with large dark blue cytoplasmic granules; often initiate immediate allergic reactions when exposed to certain substances; release histamine
Term
Fibrin
Definition
a protein consisting of long insoluble strands formed by the transformation of fibrinogen; catalyzed by thrombin
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
the second most numerous of the leukocytes; mature forms are small but relatively large nucleus; the main cells of adaptive immunity
Term
Thrombus
Definition
an abnormal blood clot; blood clot that is not necessary for hemostasis and often blocks the flow to the tissues
Term
Billirubin
Definition
a breakdown product of heme groups (without the iron)
Term
megakaryocyte
Definition
large bone marrow cells whose cytoplasm fragments to form platelets
Term
Common pathway
Definition
the final steps of coagulation; the internal and external pathways both lead here
Term
Thrombin
Definition
an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Term
Blood
Definition
a liquid connective tissue that transports substances throughout the body; consists of cells and matrix
Term
Procoagulant
Definition
a coagulation factor; a substance that promotes coagulation
Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition
a decreased # of platelets in the blood; can make bleeding more likely
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
White blood cells; a variety cell types whose main function is body defense
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
Too many erythrocytes in the blood
Term
Buffy Coat
Definition
The thin layer of leukocytes and platelets formed when blood is centrifuged; lies between the layer of erythrocytes and the plasma layer
Term
Plasma
Definition
The fluid component of blood; it is mostly water and contains substances such as proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, respiratory gases, and hormones
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
a protein consisting of 2 alpha polypeptides and 2 beta polypeptides, EACH having an iron containing heme group
Term
Hematopoiesis
Definition
formation of blood cells; occurs mostly in red bone marrow
Term
Iron
Definition
an essential mineral for hemoglobin production
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
the percent of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes
Term
Erythropoiesis
Definition
formation of erythrocytes; stimulated by a hormone called erythropoietin that is produced mostly in the kidneys
Term
Transferrin
Definition
a plasma protein that transports iron
Term
Thrombocytosis
Definition
an increased # of platelets in the blood
Term
Hemosiderin and ferritin
Definition
proteins that bind iron when it is stored in liver and spleen cells
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
an increased # of leukocytes in the blood; often a sign of inflammation
Term
External pathway
Definition
in coagulation; a series of chemical reactions initiated by a tissue factor called tissue thromboplastin
Term
Platelets
Definition
also called thrombocytes; small cytoplasmic fragments of bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes; platelets are vital to hemostasis (clotting)
Term
Basophil
Definition
[image]
Term
Monocyte
Definition
[image]
Term
Eosinophil
Definition
[image]
Term
Lymphocyte
Definition
[image]
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