Term
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Definition
| the bodys ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions |
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Term
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Definition
The body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it - dynamic equilibrium.
1.Room temp falls
2.Thermostat activates furnace
3.Heat output
4.Room temp rises
5.Thermostat turns off furnace
6.Room cools down
START OVER |
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Term
| Negative feedback in human thermoregulation |
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Definition
Brain senses change in blood tempurate.
-If its too warm, vessels dilate (vasodilation) in the skin and sweating begins (heat losing mechanism)
-If too cold, vessels in the skin constrict (vasoconstriction) and shivering begins (heat gaining mechanism) |
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Term
| Receptor (1 component of feedback loop) |
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Definition
| Senses change in a bodys variable |
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Term
| Integrating (control) center (2 component of feedback loop) |
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Definition
| The control center compares the actual vlue of a variable against a "set point" value for that variable, and "makes decision" on whether or not to correct the change in that variable |
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Term
| Effector (3 component of feedback loop) |
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Definition
| Carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
Self amplifying cycle
-leads to greater change in same direction
-feedback loop is repeated - change produces more changes |
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Term
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Definition
Normal way of producing rapid changes
-occurs with childbirth, blood clotting, protein digestion, fever, and feneration of nerve signals |
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Term
| Harmful positive feedback loop |
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Definition
Fever > 104 degrees
-metabolic rate increases
-body produces heat even faster
-body temperature continues to rise
Cycle continues to reinforce itself
Becomes fatal at 113 degrees
Circulatory shock mechanism
Repiratory distress syndrome - caused by infectious agents in lungs - is a variation of circulatory shock |
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Term
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Definition
Invented by William Roentgen 1885
-pentrate tissues to darken photgraphic film beneath the body
-dense tissue appears white
-over half of all medical imagining
-until 1960's, it was the only method widely available |
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Term
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Definition
-Injected or swallowed
-Fill hollow structures such as blood vessels and intestinal tract |
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Term
| Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) |
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Definition
Formerly called a CAT scan
-Low intensity xrays and computer analysis
-slice type image
-increased sharpness of image |
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Term
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
-Slice type image
-Superior quality to CT scan
-Best for soft tissue
-Mechanics
-Alignment & realignment of
hydrogen atoms with magnetic
field & radio wave
-Varying levels of energy given
off used by computer to produce
an image |
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Term
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) |
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Definition
Assesses metabolic state of tissue
Distinguishes tissues that are most active at a given moment, reds for most active, blues for least active, orange, yellow and green for intermediate activity
Mechanics
-IV inj of radioactively labeled glucoe
-Positrons and electrons collide
-Gamma rays given off
-Detected by sensor
-Analyzed by computer
-Image color shows which tissues were using the most glucose at that moment
-Damaged tissue appears blue |
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Term
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Definition
Second oldest & second most widely used, first in 2D then 3D and now in 4D video
Method
-High frequency sound waves are beamed into a ptient and echoes are returned from internal organs
Avoids harmful xrays
-Safe for obstetrics
-Image can determine babys gender |
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Term
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Definition
Stand erect
feet flat on floor
arms at side
palms, face and eyes forward |
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Term
| Forearm position, supinated |
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Definition
Palms face forward or upward
Radius and ulna are parallel |
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Term
| Forearm position, pronated |
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Definition
Palms face rearward or downward
Radius and ulna are crossed |
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Term
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Definition
| implies actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
| implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body |
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Term
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Definition
| divides the body into right and left regions |
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Term
| Median (midsagittal) plane |
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Definition
| divides the body or organ into equal halves |
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Term
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Definition
| divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions |
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Term
| Transverse (horizontal) plane |
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Definition
| divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Back side/last in locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
Further away from midline
EX: foot is distal to knee |
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Term
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Definition
Close to midline
EX: Shoulder is proximal to elbow |
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Term
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Definition
Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side
EX:Nose is medial to the ears |
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Term
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Definition
Toward the side, away from the mid-line
EX:Ears are lateral to the nose |
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