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A&PChapter1
An Introduction to the Human Body
67
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
10/15/2015

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Term
Tissue
Definition
A grouping of like cells working together.
Term
Epithelial tissue.
Definition
Tissue that covers surfaces and lines cavities.
Term
If there are several layers and if the outer layer consists of flat cells, then the tissue is called a
Definition
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Term
Connective tissue is
Definition
Tissue that supports other tissues, holds tissues together, or fills spaces.
Term
The tm used for material found among and outside the cells of connective tissue is
Definition
Matrix
Term
Chemical Level
Definition
Atoms combine to form molecules.
Term
Cellular level.
Definition
Cells are made up of molecules.
Term
Tissue level.
Definition
Tissues consist of similar types of cells.
Term
Organ level
Definition
Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
Term
Organ system level.
Definition
Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely.
Term
Developmental anatomy
Definition
Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.
Term
Embryology
Definition
A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.
Term
Pathological anatomy.
Definition
Studies structural changes caused by disease.
Term
Radiographic anatomy
Definition
Studies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures.
Term
Macroscopic anatomy.
Definition
Is the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such at the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
Term
Regional anatomy.
Definition
All the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.
Term
Surface anatomy.
Definition
The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.
Term
Cytology.
Definition
Which considers the cells of the body.
Term
Histology.
Definition
The study of tissues.
Term
Renal physiology.
Definition
Concerns kidney function and urine production.
Term
Neurophysiology.
Definition
Explains the workings of the nervous system.
Term
Cardiovascular physiology.
Definition
Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels.
Term
Integumentary system.
Definition
Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Term
What does Integumentary System do.
Definition
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands.
Term
Skeletal System.
Definition
Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement.
Term
Muscular System.
Definition
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. maintains posture, and produces heat.
Term
Lymphatic system/immunity.
Definition
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood.
Term
Respiratory system.
Definition
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
Term
Digestive system
Definition
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Term
What are the two main ways to split the abdominopelvic regions up:
Definition
1. 4 quadrants
2. 9 regions (more specific)
Term
Urinary System
Definition
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
As the fast-acting control system of the body. it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient us (metabolism) by body cells.
Term
Cardiovascular system
Definition
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
Term
Reproduction
Definition
Occurs at the cellular and the organismal level.
Term
Cellular Reproduction
Definition
The original cell divides, producing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair.
Term
Reproduction of the human organism
Definition
Making a whole new person, is the major task of the reproductive system.
Term
Growth
Definition
Is an increase in size of a body part or the organism.
Term
Nutrients
Definition
Taken in via the diet, contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building.
Term
Plant-derived foods
Definition
Are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
Term
Animal foods.
Definition
Are richer in proteins and fats.
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Are the major energy fuel for body cells.
Term
Proteins.
Definition
Are essential for building cell structures.
Term
Mineral Calcium
Definition
Helps to make bones hard and is required for blood clotting.
Term
Approximately what percentage of oxygen (air) do we breathe?
Definition
20
Term
What percentage of water is our body weight and is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?
Definition
60-80
Term
Embryology
Definition
The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg.
Term
Developmental Biology
Definition
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
Term
Cell Biology
Definition
Cellular structure and functions.
Term
Histology
Definition
Microscopic structure of tissues.
Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition
Structure that can be examined without a microscope.
Term
Systemic Anatomy.
Definition
Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
Term
Regional Anatomy
Definition
Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
Term
Surface Anatomy
Definition
Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch).
Term
Radiographic anatomy
Definition
Body structures that can be visualized with x-rays.
Term
Pathological anatomy
Definition
Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease.
Term
Examples of Chemical Level
Definition
Atoms (C,H,O,N,P); Molecule (DNA)
Term
Examples of Cellular level
Definition
Smooth muscle cell
Term
Examples of Tissue level
Definition
Smooth muscle tissue
Term
Examples of Organ level
Definition
Epithelial and connective tissues; smooth muscle tissue layers; epithelial tissue (stomach)
Term
Cellular level
Definition
Molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals.
Term
Tissue level
Definition
Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.
Term
Epithelial tissue
Definition
Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues.
Term
Muscular tissue
Definition
Contracts to make body parts move and generates heat.
Term
Concentration
Definition
The more particles of matter present in a confined space, the greater the chance that they will collide (think of people crowding into a subway car at rush hour).
Term
Catalysts
Definition
Are chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
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