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A&P
Atoms, Ions and Molecules
132
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/21/2018
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Term
The outermost (energy) electron shell is referred to as the _________ shell.
 Definition
Valence
Term
Identify the type of molecule that has the chemical formula of (CH20)n.
 Definition
Carbohydrates
Term
Identify the four most common elements of the human body.
 Definition
1. Hydrogen
2. Nitrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Carbon
Term
Hydrogen can form _____ covalent bond(s) and oxygen can form ______.
 Definition
1; 2
Term
Elements prefer to have an outer shell completely full of electrons. This tendency is called the ______ rule.
 Definition
Octet
Term
Identify the subatomic particles that are present in the same numbers amongst isotopes of the same element.
 Definition
1. Protons
2. Electrons
Term
Minor elements make up _____ of our body by weight.
 Definition
Less than 1%
Term
Matter is defined as a substance that has _____ and occupies space.
 Definition
Mass
Term
A neutral solution has a pH of
 Definition
7
Term
Identify the cation that determines the pH of blood.
 Definition
H+
Term
Rank the elements in order of increasing electronegativity. The element with the GREATEST electronegativity will be last.
 Definition
1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon
3. Nitrogen
4. Oxygen
Term
Atoms share electrons in a ________ bond.
 Definition
Covalent
Term
Identify the type of bond that forms salts.
 Definition
Ionic Bond
Term
Identify the true statements regarding DNA.
 Definition
1. It is found in chromosomes
2. It contains nitrogenous bases.
3. It is double-stranded.
Term
True or false: Atoms can become stable by sharing electrons.
 Definition
True
Term
Heat of vaporization is the heat required for the release of molecules from a ____ phase into a ____ phase.
 Definition
Liquid; gas
Term
Which molecules can be organized as polymers?
 Definition
1. Nucleic acids
2. Proteins
3. Carbohydates
Term
Water is an example of _____.
 Definition
an inorganic molecule
Term
Water is called the __________ solvent.
 Definition
Universal
Term
Water is present in three phases; gas, liquid and _____.
 Definition
Solid
Term
Ions are produced from a loss or gain of ____.
 Definition
Electrons
Term
The mass of an atom is expressed as an atomic _____ unit, or Dalton.
 Definition
Mass
Term
Water is a _____ molecule.
 Definition
Polar
Term
Many carbon atoms are sometimes bonded together to form a "carbon _____".
 Definition
Skeleton
Term
Identify the functions of proteins.
 Definition
1. Cause movement
2. Contribute to structural support
3. Serve as catalysts
Term
Which element is the smallest and lightest?
 Definition
Hydrogen
Term
Amino acids are linked ____ by _____ bonds.
 Definition
Covalently, peptide
Term
Identify the isomers of C6H12O6.
 Definition
1. Galactose
2. Fructose
3. Glucose
Term
True or false: Lipids are polymers.
 Definition
False
Term
Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of ___.
 Definition
26
Term
Acids are also called proton ______.
 Definition
Donors
Term
The pH of a substance is represented as a number between 0 and ______.
 Definition
14
Term
The chemical symbol for carbon is ____.
 Definition
C
Term
Identify the anion that is a component of stomach acid.
 Definition
CI
Term
The unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution are _____.
 Definition
Osmoles
Term
Identify the proteins in the following list of molecules.
 Definition
1. Myosin
2. Insulin
3. Hemoglobin
4. Collagen
Term
Protons are found _____.
 Definition
in the atomic nucleus
Term
Identify the functions of liquid water.
 Definition
1. Unwanted substances are eliminated from the body through water.
2. Water cushions the force of sudden body movements.
3. Substances are dissolved in water and transported around the body.
Term
Electrons have _____.
 Definition
A negative charge.
Term
The unit of measurement for the number of particles in a solution are
 Definition
osmoles
Term
Identify the proteins in the following list of molecules.
 Definition
1. Insulin
2. Collagen
3. Myosin
4. Hemoglobin
Term
The measure of moles per kilogram of solvent is called______.
 Definition
Molality
Term
Heat of vaporization is the heat required for the release of molecules from a ______ phase into a ____ phase.
 Definition
Liquid; gas
Term
Identify the true statements regarding nucleic acids.
 Definition
1. Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids.
2. DNA is an example of a nucleic acid.
3. RNA is an example of a nucleic acid.
Term
Organic molecules are defined as molecules that contain _____ and hydrogen atoms.
 Definition
Carbon
Term
The average atomic mass listed on the periodic table indicates the mass of the:
 Definition
1. Protons
2. Neutrons
Term
A water molecules is made of two _____ atoms and one ______ atom.
 Definition
Hydrogen; oxygen
Term
In a carbon skeleton, if a carbon atom does not have its required four bonds shown in the structural formula, the additional atoms are assumed to be ____ atoms.
 Definition
hydrogen
Term
Acids are also called proton _____.
 Definition
Donors
Term
Identify the true statements regarding RNA.
 Definition
1. It can be found in the cell's nucleus and cytoplasm.
2. It stands for ribonucleic acid.
Term
True of false: Lipids are polymers.
 Definition
False
Term
Proteins are made of ____ acids.
 Definition
Amino
Term
Identify the categories of amino acids.
 Definition
1. Charged
2. Nonpolar
3. Polar
Term
Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of
 Definition
26
Term
HCO3- is also called the ___.
 Definition
Bicarbonate ion
Term
Biomolecules always contain ____.
 Definition
1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon
Term
Monomers within RNA and DNA are linked together through a special type of covalent bond called a(n) ________ bond.
 Definition
Phosphodiester
Term
There are four categories of amino acids; non polar amino acids, polar amino acids, ____ amino acids and amino acids with special functions.
 Definition
Charged
Term
Identify the true statements regarding hydrophobic molecules.
 Definition
1. They are water-fearing.
2. They do not dissolve in water.
Term
Lipids are water-insoluble or _____
 Definition
hydrophobic
Term
Water molecules pull inward on each other creating _____ tension.
 Definition
Surface
Term
Identify the components of a nucleotide monomer.
 Definition
1. A nitrogenous base
2. A phosphate group
Term
Identify the anion that is a component of stomach acid.
 Definition
CI-
Term
A ____ is a substance that helps to prevent pH changes.
 Definition
Buffer
Term
Electrons are found in ___.
 Definition
Orbitals
Term
______ are substances that can conduct an electrical current when they dissolve and dissociate in water.
 Definition
Electrolytes
Term
Identify the functions of triglycerides.
 Definition
1. Long-term energy storage
2. Structural support
3. Insulation of the body
Term
Substance that dissolve in water are called
 Definition
Hydrophilic
Term
Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose
 Definition
Electrons
Term
Steroids are made of ____ attached carbon rings.
 Definition
4
Term
Ions with a positive charge are called _______.
 Definition
Cation
Term
Atoms in group VA of the periodic table form ions with a ____ charge.
 Definition
Negative three
Term
ATP contains the nitrogenous base _____.
 Definition
Adenine
Term
Identify the pH of human blood.
 Definition
7.4
Term
The atomic number designates the number of ____ in the atom.
 Definition
Protons
Term
The innermost electron shell may hold up to ___ electrons.
 Definition
2
Term
A fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to it is ___.
 Definition
A saturated fatty acid
Term
Radioisotopes are unstable because they contain an excess number of _____.
 Definition
Neutrons
Term
Identify the emulsion.
 Definition
Breast milk
Term
When water dissociates, water molecules can pick up an additional hydrogen atom. A water molecule with an extra hydrogen atom is called a _____ ion.
 Definition
hydronium
Term
Adding an acid to return a base to a neutral pH is called_____.
 Definition
Neutralization
Term
The spiral coil, called an alpha helix, is an example of the ____ structure of a protein.
 Definition
secondary
Term
One water molecule can bind to another water molecule through _____ bonds.
 Definition
hydrogen
Term
The linear sequence of amino acids is the ____ protein structure.
 Definition
Primary
Term
Na+ and CI- are held together by ____ bonds to form NaCI.
 Definition
Ionic
Term
Identify the substance that is also called a proton acceptor.
 Definition
Base
Term
O==C==O is an example of a ______ formula.
 Definition
Structural
Term
Identify the value of a mole.
 Definition
6.022x10^23
Term
Identify the type of sugar found in DNA.
 Definition
Deoxyribose
Term
The final 3-dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain is the _____ level of protein structure.
 Definition
Tertiary
Term
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are examples of lipids called
 Definition
eicosanoids
Term
Calcium reaches stability by ____ two negatively charge electrons.
 Definition
Donating
Term
A hydrolysis reaction resulting in the release of adipose connective tissue into the blood is called_____.
 Definition
Lipolysis
Term
Identify examples of intermolecular attractions.
 Definition
1. Hydrogen bonds
2. Hydrophobic interactions
Term
Three pairs of electrons are shared in a _____ covalent bond.
 Definition
Triple
Term
True or false: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
 Definition
True
Term
The number of _____ is the atomic number.
 Definition
Protons
Term
Polypeptides are composed of between ____ and ____ amino acids.
 Definition
21; 199
Term
Identify the polar amino acids.
 Definition
1. Threonine
2. Glutamine
Term
Identify the term that describes the attraction between water molecules only.
 Definition
Cohesion
Term
Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules. Which of the following is an example of a polar molecule?
 Definition
Water molecules
Term
Radioisotopes are unstable because they contain an excess number of ______.
 Definition
Neutrons
Term
salt water is an example of a ____.
 Definition
Solution
Term
Oxygen makes up ____ of body weight.
 Definition
65%
Term
A suspension of water and a nonpolar liquid that mix only when agitated is called______.
 Definition
An emulsion
Term
______ are substance that can conduct an electrical current when they dissolve and dissociate in water.
 Definition
Electrolytes
Term
True or false: The quaternary is the simplest level of protein organization.
 Definition
False
Term
Adipose connective tissue binds fatty acids to glycerol to form triglycerides in a process called____.
 Definition
Lipogenesis
Term
Glucose is an example of ____.
 Definition
A nonelectrolyte
Term
Hemoglobin is an example of a protein in a ____ structure.
 Definition
Quaternary
Term
Specific heat is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of ___ gram of a substance by ___ degree Celsius.
 Definition
1; 1
Term
Molecular ___ is determined using the molecular formula and the average atomic mass for each element.
 Definition
Mass
Term
Protein function may be terminated because its conformation was changed. This is called ________.
 Definition
Denaturation
Term
Molecules that contain both nonpolar and polar components are called ______ molecules.
 Definition
Amphipathic
Term
When salts dissociate they create anions and ______.
 Definition
Cations
Term
The most common monosaccharide is _____.
 Definition
Glucose
Term
Proteins with a carbohydrate attached are called ____.
 Definition
Glycoporteins
Term
The nitrogenous base ___ is unique to RNA and ___ is unique to DNA.
 Definition
Uracil, thymine
Term
Osmolarity is the number of particles in a 1 _____ solution.
 Definition
liter
Term
Unequally shared electrons result in the formation of a _____ covalent bond.
 Definition
Polar
Term
Lipid molecules with carbohydrates attached are called _______.
 Definition
Glycolipids.
Term
Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules. Which of the following is an example of a polar molecule?
 Definition
Water molecules
Term
True or false: The quaternary is the simplest level of protein organization.
 Definition
False
Term
Identify the type of sugar found in DNA.
 Definition
Deoxyribose
Term
Identify the term describing the functional group, -OH.
 Definition
Hydroxyl
Term
Lactose and sucrose are examples of ____.
 Definition
Disaccharides
Term
Which statement is true regarding collagen?
 Definition
It forms ligaments and tendons.
Term
Which of the following is true of amphipathic molecules?
 Definition
They have both polar and nonpolar regions.
Term
A _____ bond is a weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom.
 Definition
Hydrogen
Term
A water molecule is _____ from/to the reactants during condensation.
 Definition
Lost
Term
Disaccharides are composed of ____ sugars bonded together.
 Definition
2
Term
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. What portion of he molecules have contact with water?
 Definition
Head
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