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A&P
Blood Vessels
45
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/14/2012

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Term
What do arteries carry?
Definition
oxygenated blood away from the heart except the Pulmonary atery and the umbilical vessels of the the fetus
Term
what do veins carry?
Definition
blood back toward the heart
Term
what do cappillaries do?
Definition
directly supplies nutrients and removes waste for the tissue cells
Term
what do cappillaries do?
Definition
directly supplies nutrients and removes waste for the tissue cells
Term
what are the three layers of arteries?
Definition
TUNIC INTIMA= INTERIOR/ BASEMENT MEMBRANE
TUNICA MEDI= MIDDLE SMOOTH MUSCLE
TUNICA ENTERNA= OUTER/ CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER
Term
What are the three types of arteries?
Definition
1.ELASTIC- large thick walled.
Aorta and its major branches.
can expand and recoil
2. MUSCULAR=disturbing arteries. deliver blood to organs
3.ARTERIOLES= samllest arteries. MOST RESITANT. GREATEST CONTRIBUTOR TO BLOOD PRESSURE.
Term
What do all three types of arteries have in common?
Definition
smooth muscle.
Term
What is one of the function in cappillaries?
Definition
exchange of gases and nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc between blood and tissues
Term
What are the three types of Capillaries?
Definition
1. Continous capillaries
2. Fennestrated Capillaries
3. Sinusoidal Capillaries
Term
What is the most common type of Capillary?
Definition
Continuous and it is least permeable.
abundant in skin and tight junctions.
also forms blood brain barrier
Term
What are Fenestrated Cappillaries?
Definition
cappillares that are found in organs that absorb nutrients such as teh intestine or organs that filter like the kidneys.
Term
Where are the Sinusoidal Capillaries found?
Definition
In the liver, bone marroe, spleen. (Tissues where cells need to enter or exit the blood stream?
Term
Where can WBC (white blood cells) pass throught the capillaries?
Definition
Sinusoidal Capillaries
Term
What are Capillart Beds
Definition
interwoven networks of capillaries between the arterioles and venules.
Term
what are the two types of vessels in the capillary beds?
Definition
1. A central vascular shunt.
2. True Capillaries
Term
What is formed when capillary beds unite?
Definition
Venules and Veins.
Term
Are Venules porous?
Definition
yes so fluid can past through them.
Term
what prevents backflow in veins?
Definition
valves
Term
If valves if vein began to fail what occurs?
Definition
varicose vein or vein bulge.
Term
what help the veins in getting blood back to the heart.
Definition
musclar pump
Term
how is blood pressure expressed?
Definition
mm hg
Term
where is the highest blood pressure found?
Definition
aorta
Term
what are the two important sources of resistance in blood pressure?
Definition
1. blood viscoity
2. blood vesssel diameter
Term
where does the steepest drop in bp?
Definition
arterioles
Term
what is cardiac output?
Definition
the greater the output the higher the pressure.
Term
what are the four affecting factors in peripheral blood pressure?
Definition
1. Prepheral resistance (lumen diameter)
2.Elascity (if vessel wall is elastic bp will be lower)
3.Volume of blood. (greater volume higher pressure)
4. Cardiac Output. the greater the ouput the higher the pressure.
Term
what is pulse pressure.
Definition
the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Term
what are 2 ways to contol bp?
Definition
1. short term= neural and hormonal controls (changing diameter of atereirs and arterioles)
2. Long Term- renal regulations. (altering blood volume)
Term
what senses aorta and carotid pressure?
Definition
Baroreceptors
Term
What do the Barorecptors talk to when the BP is too high or too low?
Definition
Medulla of the brainstem
Term
What is Angiotensin II?
Definition
is a ptotent vasoconstrictor that produces vasoconstriction right away.
Term
what does water follow?
Definition
sodium
Term
what is considered hypotension
Definition
less then 100 systolic
Term
what are the types of Circulator Shock?
Definition
1. hypovolemic- low blood
2.Vascular Shock- anaphyxlaxis (vasodilation of cells)
3. Caridiogenic Shock- heart failure.
Term
what is considered substained hypertension.
Definition
sustained 140/90
Term
what is it called when a pressure pushes things out of cells
Definition
hydrostatic pressure.
Term
what is the number one protein in blood?
Definition
Albumin
Term
what are the two things that determine where the fluid is being pushed in or out of a cell?
Definition
Hydrostatic pressure differences and colloid osmotic pressure difference
Term
what is Arterosclerosis?
Definition
hardening and clogging of arterial walls.
Term
what aerre the common arteriers that supply the brain?
Definition
Cartoid Arteries
Term
What arteries supply the upper limbs
Definition
Subclavian
Term
What arteries supply theh Pelvic Regions?
Definition
Iliac Ateriers
Term
What carries blood from the head and rest of the body
Definition
Vena Cava
Term
What veins carries blood from head and neck?
Definition
internal jugular vein?
Term
What veins carry blood from abdomen to the liver for processing of the nutrients absorbed from the intestine?
Definition
Hepatic Portal Vein
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