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Definition
| sensory nerves that convey info from PNS to CNS from sensory receptors in body |
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| motor nerves that transmit impulses from the CNS to PNS to muscles and glands |
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Definition
| excitatory/stimulatory response |
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Definition
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Definition
| movement of an impulse to the axon terminal |
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Definition
| movement of an impulse to the cell body RARE |
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Definition
| any cell other than a neuron in the nervous system |
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Definition
| star shaped; form a seal for capillaries in CNS; form scar tissue |
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Definition
| phagocytes in CNS; involved in inflammation and repair |
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Definition
| ciliated, line cavities of brain and spinal cord, absorb and release CSF |
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Definition
| form myelin sheaths in CNS axons |
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Definition
| form myelin sheaths in PNS axons |
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Definition
| provide metabolic support for neurons in pns |
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Definition
| primary cns tumor; arises from glial cells; can affect spinal cord, brain, or optic nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of cell bodies in the CNS |
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Definition
| clusters of cell bodies in the PNS |
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Definition
| bundles of neuron processes in the CNS |
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Definition
| bundles of neuron processes in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| meylinated fibers; central in the brain, peripheral in the spinal cord |
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Definition
| unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies; peripheral in the brain, central in the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple dendrites, single axon |
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Definition
| one fused dendrite, one axon |
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Definition
| one process extends from cell body and splits into an axon with a receptive region or end and a secretory region or end |
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Definition
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| processing and interpreting |
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Definition
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Definition
| open when a neurotransmitter binds to channel; typically in dendrite region |
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Definition
| open in response to a nearby flow of ions; open in response to one b4 opening; change in membrane potential--->depolarization; membrane is polarized when resting; typically along cell body/axon |
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Term
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Definition
| signal propagation in an axon thats myelinated. impulse jumps from node to node. allows impulse to travel quicker |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune degeneration of the myelin sheath of neurons in the cns; no myelin-->interferes with the signal propagation-->numbness, weakness, pain, memory probs |
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Definition
| one axon to another neuron, muscle, or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| connection btwn neuron and its target; neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft and taken up by target |
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Term
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Definition
| protein channels found in the cell membranes of adjacent neurons connect the neurons allowing ions to flow directly from one straight into the other; common in embryos |
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Definition
| groups of neurons that process and integrate info |
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Definition
| one neuron triggers many others; amplification of signal |
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Definition
| many neurons converge onto one neuron; concentration of signal |
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Definition
| some neurons of a group reconnect with others; continuous output signal |
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Term
| parallel after discharge circuit |
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Definition
| one incoming neuron stimulates several neurons which stimulate the final neuron at different times; thought to be involved in complex mental tasks; diverging and converging in one |
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Term
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Definition
| asslemby line stimulation |
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Definition
| input signals branch into different areas |
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Definition
| rapid, automatic, involuntary response |
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Definition
| a malignant tumor of embryonic neurons |
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Definition
| compound that destroys nervous tissue |
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Definition
| elevated ridges of tissue |
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Definition
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Definition
| deeper grooves that separate large regions of the brain |
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Definition
| central cavities within the brain and spinal cord where CSF flows |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid mater |
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Definition
| build up of CSF due to obstruction of CSF drainage |
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Definition
| unconsciousness from blow to head |
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Definition
| bleeding from ruptured vessels into spaces; may result in death. blood puts pressure on brain pushing brain stem thru foramen magnum |
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Definition
| swelling of the brain following traumatic head injury |
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Definition
| inflammation of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| total unresponsiveness to sesnory stimuli for an extended period |
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Definition
| cerebrovascular accidents; strokes |
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Term
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Definition
| when blood circ to a brain area is blocked and brain tissue dies |
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Term
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Definition
| transient ischemic attack; blood flow to part of brain stops. stroke like symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of grey matter, specifically the anterior horn motor neurons, caused by polio virus, fever, headache, weakness-->paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| slowly progressive condition caused by deterioration of gracilis and cuneatus, late sign of syphilis |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal sensation resulting from sesnory nerve disorder, burning, numbness, tingling |
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Term
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Definition
| severe damage to ventral root or anterior horn cells, skeletal muscles cannot move voluntarily or involuntarily |
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Term
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Definition
| when only the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex are damaged. spinal motor neurons remain intacts, muscles continue to be stimulated irregularly. |
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Term
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Definition
| injury in thoracic, lumbar, or sacral region |
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Term
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Definition
| injury in cervical/neck area |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of spinal cord |
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Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
| ALS. progressive destruction of anterior horn motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| tract removal in the spinal cord due to unremitting pain |
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Definition
| respond to stimuli from outside of the body |
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Definition
| respond to stimuli from within the body |
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Definition
| detect position, stretch, and movement |
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Definition
| detect temperature change |
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Definition
| detect molecules in solution that are smelled or tasted |
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Definition
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Definition
| unmyelinated, found everywhere, detect pain and temp |
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Definition
| found high in dermis, especially in hairless areas; light touch receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| modified meissners found specically in mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| found deep in dermis and hypodermis, detect deep pressure initiation |
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Term
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Definition
| found deep in dermis and hypodermis, detect deep continuous pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| proprioceptors found in the perimysium of skeletal muscles, detect when a muscle is stretched |
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Term
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Definition
| proprioceptors in tendons, close to skeletal muscle insertions, stimulated when muscle contracts and stretches tendon |
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Term
| joint kinesthetic receptors |
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Definition
| proprioceptors that monitor stretch in the capsules of synovial joints, provide info on joint position and movement |
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Term
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Definition
| exhibited by hearing, smell, and some sensory receptors, a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of constant stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| normally off unless activated by some change in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors that generate nerve impulses at a constant rate unless inhibited or activated to a greater degree |
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Term
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Definition
| loose CT that encloses each axon's myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| coarse CT that surrounds each fascicle of nerve fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| tough fibrous sheath surrounding a cluster of fasicles |
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Definition
| nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers thereby transmitting impulses to and from the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| interlacing nerve networks that ocur in all regions of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies diaphragm, part of cervical plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| part of brachial plexus, innervates palm, pronates forearm, flexes wrist and fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| part of ulnar plexus, wrist and finger flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| largest nerve of brachial plexus, innervates extensors of the upper limb |
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Term
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Definition
| largest nerve from the sacral plexus, thickest/longest nerve in the body, innervates entire leg |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor, sensory neuron, CNS, motor neuron, effector muscle or gland |
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Term
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Definition
| pain in a nerve, sharp spasms, due to inflammation of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| injury to the proximal portion of the sciatic nerve, characterized by stabbing pain radiating down the leg, leg is useless if nerve is cut |
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Term
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Definition
| area of skin supplied by spinal nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| tests the integrity of the spinal cord from l4-s2, draw object down foot |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal plantar reflex; great toe dorsiflex and small ones fan out |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic defect where tumors form in connective tissue of nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| herpes zoster, chickenpox, infection of dorsal roots, skin lesions along dermatomes |
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Term
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Definition
| any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a join also innervates the joint and skin over the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| medication used to treat myasthenia gravis, inhibits breakdown of AcH |
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Term
| (tricyclic) antidepressants |
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Definition
| medication that prolongs norepinephrine activity |
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Term
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Definition
| medication that attatches to beta receptors in cardiac muscle thereby reducing heart rate and preventing arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| high BP due to overactive sympathetic vasoconstrictor response promoted by high lvls of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| intermittent attacks causing the skin of fingers and toes to turn pale, blueish, provoked by exposure to cold or stress |
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Term
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Definition
| coordination of skeletal muscles by the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| inaccurate jerky movements, disruption of synergy |
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Term
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Definition
| degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in brain stem, tremors, lack of facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
| inherited disorder, progressive degeneration of basal nuclei and cerebrum, jerky movements, mental deterioration |
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Term
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Definition
| electroencephalogram, electrical measurement of brain waves |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrollable seizures caused by abnormal electrical discharged from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| mild seizure similar to daydreaming, occurs mostly in children, caused by depressed hypothalamus/thalmus brain waves |
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Term
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Definition
| very rapid brain waves cause convulsions and unconsciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensory hallucination that occurs before some grand mal seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| a biological clock in hypothalamus that helps regulate sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| non rapid eye movement. stage 1: eyes closed, body relaxes, vital signs, and eeg normal. 2: eeg becomes irregular 3: thetat and delta waves appear, vital signs slow. 4: delta waves predominate, vital signs very slow. |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid eye movement,brain waves become more active, dreaming occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary lapses into sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inability to obtain enough quality sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| learned and forgotten qucikly, usually requires a very conscious effot |
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Term
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Definition
| accquired thru practice, not easily forgotten, usually not as much conscious effort |
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Term
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Definition
| cuased by damage to hippocampus and amygdala, no new memories can be formed |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of past memories, what is lost depends on where brain damage is |
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Term
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Definition
| fleeting muscle contraction, often while falling alseep, due to fleeting activation of the RAS |
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Term
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Definition
| paint in an amputated limb due to sensory neurons firing |
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