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A&P
Anatomy overview ch1
50
Biology
Undergraduate 2
08/20/2009

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Term
This is a study of large body structures visible to the naked eye. (ex heart, lungs kidneys)
Definition
Gross or Macroscopic anatomy
Term
This is when all the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as abdomen or leg are examined at the same time.
Definition
Regional anatomy
Term
This is when body structures are studied system by system. (ex cardiovascular system)
Definition
Systemic anatomy
Term
Gross anatomy is broken down into what sub groups.
Definition
Regional anatomy, systemic anatomy and surface anatomy
Term
this is a study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. (ex. identifying a bulging muscle on someone)
Definition
Surface anatomy
Term
This deals with structures to small to see with the naked eye.
Definition
Microscopic anatomy
Term
What are the subdivisions of microanatomy.
Definition
Cytology and Histology
Term
This is the study of the cells of the body
Definition
Cytology
Term
This is the study of tissues.
Definition
Histology
Term
The study of stuctural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.
Definition
Developmental anatomy
Term
This is a subdivision of Developmental anatomy. developmental changes before birth.
Definition
Embryology
Term
The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another is.
Definition
Anatomy
Term
The study of the function of the body and how body parts work is.
Definition
Physiology
Term
what a structure can do depends on its specific form. what concept?
Definition
Principle of complementarity of structure and function
Term
The smallest units of living things.
Definition
Cells
Term
What are the diffrent levels of structure organisation?
Definition
chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level and organism level.
Term
Groups of similar cells that hagve a common function are called what.
Definition
Tissue
Term
A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types (four is more common) that perform a specific function.
Definition
Organ
Term
Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose is called what.
Definition
organ system
Term
This is the highest level of organization. this represents th sum total of all structural levels working together.
Definition
Organismal level
Term
The ability to sense changes in the enviroment and then respond to them is called what. And what systme is most involved.
Definition
Responsivness or irratability/ the nervous system.
Term
This is the breaking down of food into simple molecules.
Definition
Digestion
Term
A broad term that includes all chemical reactions in the body.
Definition
Metabolism
Term
the process of removing waste from the body.
Definition
Excreation
Term
(system) Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it back to blood. Houses white blood cells.
Definition
Lymphatic system
Term
(system) Keeps blood supplied with O2 and removes CO2.
Definition
Respiratory system
Term
(system) Breaks down food into absorbable units.
Definition
Digestive system
Term
(system) Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolytes and acid-base balance of the blood.
Definition
Urinary system
Term
(system) Forms the external body covering. Protects deeper tissues from injury. Also houses sweat and oil glands
Definition
Integumentary system
Term
(system) Protects and supports body organs. also provides a framework for muscles. blood cells are also made here
Definition
Skeletal system
Term
(system) Allows manipulation of the enviroment, locomotion and facial expression. also maintains posture and produces heat.
Definition
Muscular system
Term
(system) The fast acting control system of the body.
Definition
Nervous system
Term
(system) Glands that secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use.
Definition
Endocrine system
Term
(system) Blood vessels transport blood, which carries carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart is also part of this system.
Definition
Cardiovascular system.
Term
The ability to maintain relativly stable internal conditions even though the outside word is changing all the time.
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
When speaking about homeostatic control information flows from the recetor to the control center along what.
Definition
Afferent pathway
Term
When speaking about homeostatic control information travels from the control center to the effector by means of the.
Definition
Efferent pathway
Term
Most homeostatic control mechanisms are.
Definition
Negative feedback
Term
What is negative feedback mechanisms.
Definition
In these systems the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity. (causes the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change)
Term
A responce inhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.
Definition
Positive feedback mechanism
Term
This makes up the main axis of the body. includes head neck and trunk.
Definition
Axial
Term
This consists of the limbs or apendiges. that are connected to the axial part.
Definition
Appendicular
Term
This is a vertical plane that devides the body into right and left.
Definition
Sagittal plane
Term
Aplane that lies directly on the miline is called what. and wha are all other planes that of set the midline.
Definition
median plane or midsagittal plane.
Parasagittal planes
Term
This is a verticle plane that devides the body into anterior and posterior.
Definition
frontal or coronal plane
Term
This plane runs horizontal from left to right, deviding the body into superior and inferior.
Definition
Transverse plane
Term
this body cavity protects the fragile nervous system organs and has 2 subdivisions.
Definition
Dorsal body cavity.
subs
Cranial cavity
spinal cavity
Term
This is the larger of the two body cavities. has two subivisions. thoracic and abdominopelvic. it houses body organs collectivly called viscera.
Definition
Ventral body cavity
Term
This lines the walls of the ventral cavity.
Definition
Parietal serosa
Term
This covres the organs in the ventral cavity.
Definition
Visceral serosa
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