Term
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Definition
It arises from the ventral rami of L4-S4. It is the largest nerve of the body. It is the major nerve of the Sacral Plexus.
It innervates the posterior thigh (hamstrings) and at the level of the knee it splits into the the tibial and common fibularis (peroneal) nerves that innervate the skin and muscles from the knee down. |
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Term
TG 207-8
WB 97
Quadratus Lumborum |
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Definition
The Origin and Insertion switch depending on the action (closd chained and open chained)
Proximal - 12th rib and Transverse Process of L1-L4.
Distal - Anterior Lip of the Illiac Crest
Action - Unilaterally - Ipsilateral flexion, lateral tilt of the pelvis (hip hike to the same side.)
Bilaterally - Extension of the Spine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pain (neuralgial) along the course of the sciatic nerve. (The sciatic nerve from the buttock down the posterior lower extremity.)
May Result from:
1) Direct Pressure on the nerve at the lumbosacral spine (herneated disc or osteoarthritis)
2) Direct Pressure from pregnancy or damage from improperly administered shot.
3) Entrapment of the Nevrve by the piriformis muscle
4) Trigger point in Gluteus medius and minimus referring pain.
#1-3 is TRUE Sciatica
#4 is Pseudo sciatica - LOOK HERE FIRST as it is the cause of the majority of cases. |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Pseudosciatica? |
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Definition
Referred pain from trigger points in the glute medius and minimus.
This is the majority of cases. |
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Term
| Describe Bindles of Axons in the PNS: |
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Definition
They are Nerves
They are ganglia.
They are white matter. |
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Term
| Describe Bundles of Axons in the CNS: |
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Definition
The are Tracts.
They are Nuclei. |
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Term
| Describe Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS: |
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Definition
It is Nerves.
It s Ganglia.
It is Grey Matter. |
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Term
| Describe Clusters of Cell Bodies in the CNS: |
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Definition
It is Tracts.
It is Nuclei |
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Term
| One exception where Cell Bodies are NOT called Ganglia |
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Definition
| In the CNS, Cell Bodies it is BASAL GANGLIA |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by a virus (chickenpox - varicella virus.)
Can lie dormant in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA.
Can be reactivated by stress.
Outbreak is a painful blister on the particular spinal nerve - on the dermatome.
Usualy on the trunk unilaterally. |
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Term
| Shingles contraindications in massage |
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Definition
Acute - Systemic Contraindiaction
Mild - Local contraindication
If YOU have never had Chicken Pox - AVOID contact! |
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Term
| The Six Deep Lateral Rotators of the Hip almost always insert where? |
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Definition
| The greater trachanter of the hip |
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Term
TG 328
WB 148, 154
Piriformis
ORIGIN - PROXIMAL
INSERTION - DISTAL
ACTION |
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Definition
Origin - Anterior surface of the sacrum
Insertion - Upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Lateral/External Rotation of the EXTENDED hip
Medial/Internal Rotation of the FLEXED hip |
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Term
TG 329
Gemellus Superior and Inferior
ORIGIN - PROXIMAL
INSERTION - DISTAL
ACTION |
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Definition
Origin - Gemellus Superior: Ishial Spine
Gemellus Inferior: Ishial Tuberosity
Insertion - Greater Trachanter
Action: Lateral/External Rotation of the Femur at Hip Extension |
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Term
Nerve Fiber Repair
TX 421-2 |
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Definition
Neurons cannot replicate...they can repair
Neuroglia can regenerate |
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Term
| Where are the Schwann cells located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the Oligodendrited located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cand neurons, oligodendrites, in the CNS replicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the chemicals of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do neurotransmiters communicate? |
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Definition
| They transmit messages to other neurons, muscle fibers, or gland cells by converting an electrical signal into a chemical signal whcih then gets turned back into an electrical signal by the receiving cell. |
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Term
| What are the two ways neurotransmitters are classified by FUNCTION? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurotransmitters classified by Excitatory FUNCTION: |
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Definition
| Cause depolarization - make something happen |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters classified by Inhibitory FUNCTION: |
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Definition
| Cause Hyperpolarization - slows down or stops a process |
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Term
| What are the two categories of classification of neurotransmitters by CHEMICAL STRUCTURE? |
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Definition
Small Structure
Large Structure |
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Term
| The Small Structure CHEMICAL STRUCTURE of Neurotransmitters are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Large Structure CHEMICAL STRUCTURE of Neurotransmitters are: |
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Definition
| Pollypeptides - long chains of amino acids 2-40 |
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Term
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Definition
| The gap/place where signals are transmitted from the pre-synaptic neuron to another cell, the post-synaptic neuron. |
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Term
| What are the two types of Synapses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Electrical type of Synapse |
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Definition
| Involves tight junctions between cells - no need for chemicals like in cardiac muscle |
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Term
| Describe the Chemical type of Synapse: |
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Definition
| They use a neurotransmitter, a chemical, to send a chemical signal |
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Term
| What are the three structures that make up a synapse? |
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Definition
1. Synaptic Knob
2. Synaptic Cleft
3. Plasma Membrane |
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Term
| Describe the Synaptic Knob, a structure of a synapse |
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Definition
It is located at the end of a pre-synaptic axon, a tiny bulge.
The knob contains vesicles that hold neurotransmitters. |
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Term
| Describe the Synaptic Cleft, a structure of a synapse: |
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Definition
| It is a gap/space where the communication takes place. |
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Term
| Describe the Plasma Membrane, a structure of the synapse: |
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Definition
On the post-synaptic cleft. It contains SPECIFIC receptors that may receive the SPECIFIC neurotransmitter.
Like a key in a lock. |
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Term
| Describe the Neuromuscular junction: |
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Definition
It is the connection between a motor neuron fiber and a muscle cell.
A nerve impulse reaches the pre-synaptic neuron causing the release of Acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. The AcH diffusses to make contact with the AcH receptors on the post-synaptic sarcolemma (plasma membrane).
It initiates an electrical impulse, EXCITATION, in the sarcolemma. |
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Term
| Name 5 Common Neurotransmitters: |
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Definition
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Nonepinephrine
Endorphins |
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Term
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Definition
Either Excitatory or Inhibitory. Excitatory in skeletal muscle. Inhibitory in cardiac muscle.
Involved in memory.
Located in junctions with motor effectors (muscles and glands) |
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Term
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Definition
Mostly Inhibitory.
Involved in emotions and moods and regulates motor control.
Located in ANS. |
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Term
| Describe Epinephrine & Norephinephrine: |
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Definition
Both excitatory and inhibitory.
Ephinephrine: Acts as a hormone when secreted by sympathetic cells of the adrenal glands.
Norepinephrine - Regulates sympathetic effectors (fight ot flight) in the brain involved in emotional responses. |
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Term
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Definition
Mostly inhibitory. Acts as opiate to block pain.
Located in several regions of the CNS, retina and intestinal tract. |
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