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A & P I
Somatic Cell Division
53
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/14/2011

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Term
In order for eukaryote cell to reproduce its self, it must duplicate its            and distribute that            to the resulting daughter cells.
Definition
In order for eukaryote cell to reproduce its self, it must duplicate its DNA and distribute that DNA to the resulting daughter cells.
Term
What is the most common kind of cell division?
Definition
The first is mitosis.
Term
Mitosis is a type of cell division by which a diploid somatic cell              its DNA and            once to produce two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Definition
Mitosis is a type of cell division by which a diploid somatic cell duplicates its DNA and divides once to produce two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
Term
In complex organisms, mitosis is predominantly used for                and             
Definition
In complex organisms, mitosis is predominantly used for tissue growth and tissue repair. 
Term
A cell that contains two complete sets of homologous chromosomes.
Definition
What is a diploid?
Term
Chromosomes that have the same size, the same shape, and carry genes for the same trait.
Definition
What is homologous chromosomes?
Term
Refers to body?
Definition
What is somatic?
Term

Cells primary in your body.

(Example: skin cells, muscle cells)

Definition
What are somatic cells?
Term

In each one of the somatic cells there are        pairs of homologous chromosomes.

 

Definition
In each one of our somatic cells we have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
Term
Cells that contain only one member of any pair of of homologous chromosomes. 
Definition
What are haploid cells?
Term
What is the human being's diploid number?
Definition
46
Term
Orderly sequence of events that describes the life of a (eukaryote) cell.
Definition
What is the Cell Cycle?
Term
Occurs between successive divisions.  A cell divides into two cells each of these repeats this process.
Definition
What is interphase?
Term
During this phase the cell duplicates its organelles, synthesizes proteins (related to molecular genetics), when most of the cell growth occurs, and when cell carries out metabolic activities.
Definition
What is the first "Gap" phase (G1)?
Term
How many hours does a typical somatic cell spend in the first "Gap" phase?
Definition
A Typical somatic cell spend 8 to 10 hours in G1.
Term
During this phase the DNA molecules are replicated in order to produce two identical copies of DNA.
Definition
What is the "Synthesis" stage (S)?
Term
A Typical somatic cell spend      to        hours in S
Definition
A typical somatic cell spends 6 to 8 hours in S
Term
During this phase cell growth continues, the specific proteins that are needed for cell division get synthesized, and the centrioles are replicated.
Definition
What is the second "Gap" phase (G2)?
Term
A typical somatic cell is going to spend     to         hours in G2.
Definition
A typical somatic cell is going to spend 4 to 6 hours in G2.
Term
What is the total number of hours that is takes a somatic cell to go through interphase?
Definition
18-24 hours
Term
Nuclear division followed by the division of cytoplasm.
Definition
What is mitosis?
Term
How many sequential stages does the division of the nucleus require?
Definition
Term

True or False?

The length of the cell cycle varies greatly from one cell type to another.

Definition
TRUE
Term
Some cells like stomach cells will divide              .
Definition
Some cell like skin cells will divide continuously.
Term

TRUE or FALSE?

All cells will divide very quickly.  Only if the organ is damaged does the rate of division slow down. 

Definition

FALSE

Other cells will divide very slowly.  Only if the organ is damaged does the rate quicken. 

Term
Some cells lose their ability                .
Definition
Some cells such as nerve cells and heart mucsles that lose thier ability to divide.
Term

Review of examples of cell division.

Give examples for each of the three "rates."

Definition
  • stomach and skin cell divide rapidly
  • bone and cartilage cells divide slowly
  • skeletal mucle cells and nerve cells do not divide at all.
Term
The first phase in mitosis.
Definition
What is Prophase?
Term
How many major events take place in prophase?
Definition

Term

 

In prophase:

  • chromatin in the nucleus            
  • the nuclear membrane starts to        
  • nucleoli          
  • pairs of centrioles              toward opposite poles of the cell
Definition

 

In prophase:

  • chromatin in the nucleus condenses
  • the nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate
  • nucleoli disappear
  • pairs of centrioles migrate toward opposite poles of the cell
Term
Each                  consists of a pair of identical                 that are joined at the centromere.
Definition
Each chromosome consists of a pair of identical chromatidsthat are joined at the centromere.
Term
The second stage of mitosis.
Definition
What is prometaphase?
Term
How many major events occur in prometaphase?
Definition
2
Term
In one of the major events in prometaphase, the              form the                                    .
Definition
In one of the major events in prometaphase, the microtubules form a spindle apparatus.
Term

True or False?

The spindle apparatus has fibers that attach one identical chromatid to one pole of the cell and the other identical chromatid to the opposite pole of the cell?

Definition

TRUE

Term
The third stage of mitosis, when the chromosomes line up randomly.
Definition
What is metaphase?
Term
The equator of the cell is known as the              .
Definition
The equator of the cell is known as the metaphase plate.
Term

In the this stage:

  1. contromeres split and microtubles pull the identical chromatids apart.
  2. Chromatids migrate toward opposite poles of the cell.
Definition
What is anaphase?
Term
Once the centromeres are broken and the chromatids are pulled apart, chromatids no longer exist.  What was previously referred to are chromatids are now called "                "
Definition
Once the centromere are broken and the chromatids are pulled apart, chromatids no longer exist.  What was previously referred to are chromatids are now called "daughter chromosomes."
Term
The final stage of mitosis.
Definition
What is telephase?
Term
Telephase is essential the opposite of             .
Definition
Telephase is essential the opposite of prophase. 
Term

 

In the first event of telophase:

  • daugher chromosomes              (return to the tangle mass of chromatin)
Definition
  •  daugher chromosomes decondense (return to the tangle mass of chromatin)
Term

The 2nd events of telophase:

  • a new                        forms around each tangled mass of chromatin. 
Definition

 

  • a new nuclear envelope forms around each tangled mass of chromatin.
Term

In the 3rd event of telophase: 

  • The spindle apparatus is           .
Definition

 

  • The spindle apparatus is disassembled.
Term
Finally, in telophase the                reappears!
Definition
Finally, in telophase the nucleoli reappears!
Term
How many factors are needed to initiate cell division?
Definition
5
Term
Sufficient            is must exist to be distributed to sister cells.
Definition
Sufficient cytoplasm is must exist to be distributed to sister cells.
Term
DNA replication must be           .
Definition
DNA replication must be completed.
Term
An adequate supply of             must available to the cell.
Definition
An adequate supply of nutrients must available to the cell.
Term
Maturation promoting factor,             proteins, and          must be present.
Definition
Maturation promoting factor, cdc2 proteins, and cyclin must be present.
Term
Adjacent cells must                 to create space for new cells to occupy.
Definition
Adjacent cells must die to create space for new cells to occupy.
Term
State three factors that can halt cell division:
Definition
  1. withdrawal of nutrients or growth factors
  2. contact inhibitors
  3.  cell death  
Term
The orderly, genetically programmed death of a cell
Definition
What is apoptosis?
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