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| study of how body functions |
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| Cell, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism |
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| produces hormones for regulation of growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
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| Facing forward, palms out, face forward,feet parallel |
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are ionically bonded
include variety of acids and bases
conduct electrical current |
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PMAT
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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| keeps it the same. no change |
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| takes in and swells. bursts. lower concentration than normal cells |
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| sends out. shrinks. higher concentration than normal cells |
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secrete through ducts
(digestive, tears, sweat glands) |
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are involuntary
form organs |
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| wasting away of tissue/muscle |
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outermost surface layer of skin
contains the stratum basale which is the deepest layer where new cells grow from |
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Protect against infection
Protect against dehydration
Regulation of body temperature
Collection of sensory information
Absorbs/excretes vitamin D |
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| allows vessel/nerve to pass through/between bones |
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| light fragile bone located between the eyes |
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| form's skulls posterior and part of base |
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| part of sides and some base |
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| top and side walls of the skull |
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| forehead, skull roof, roof of eye socket |
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Frontal bone
Two parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Occipital |
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| band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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| What is considered the fulcrum in the body? |
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| sudden painful contraction |
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| The CNS stand for and contains: |
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Central Nervous System.
The brain and spinal cord |
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| the PNS stands for and contains: |
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Peripheral nervous system.
Spinal cord and cranial nerves |
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| pass information to one cell then another |
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| The pathway though nervous system |
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| What are the components of the reflex arc? |
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Receptor- detects stimulant
Sensory neuron- receptor to CNS
Central neuron- in the CNS
Motor neuron- carries impulses away from CNS
Effector- muscle that carries out the response |
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| Sympathetic Nervous system |
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| What are the lobes of the brain? |
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula |
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| What are the receptor cells for vision? |
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is where the adrenal's do not work
Hypofunction of adrenal cortex, muscle atrophy, disturbance of salt and water balance |
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| Diabetes insipidous is caused by: |
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the process that prevents blood loss from circulation
Maintains internal balance |
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| What is the use for plasma? |
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| Volume. makes up 55% of blood volume |
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| neoplastic blood disease by increase of white blood cells |
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| What are the four valves of the heart? |
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| Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle |
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| How does the heart process blood? |
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Received in the RA that goes to
RV which pumps the venous blood to the lungs
LA receives blood back from pulmonary veins by lungs that is high in oxygen
LV pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (part of the heart capable of producing largest "kick" and has the thickest wall) |
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| What is the heart's electrical system? |
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Sinoarterial node (pacemaker. initiates the heart beat in RA)
Atrioventricular node (the innermost septum at bottom of RA)
Bundle branches
Punkinje fibers |
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| Dead tissue from lack of blood flow |
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| Angina pectoris is described as: |
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| pain caused by lack of blood to hear muscle which sends pain from chest to left arm |
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| The brachiocephalic artery |
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| branches to arm and head on right side of the body. |
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| The lymphatic system is the: |
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| widespread system of tissues and vessels |
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| What are the functions of the lymphatic system? |
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Fluid balance
Protection from infection
Absorption of fats |
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| The Spleen is the ______ mass of lymphatic tissue in the body |
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| What are the functions of the spleen? |
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Filters blood
Destroys old red blood cells
Before birth produces red blood cells
Storage for blood |
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| a tumor in the lymphoid tissue |
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| The bronchi is broken up into: |
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3 right branches
2 left branches
Bronchioles |
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| attaches lung to chest wall |
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| The diaphragm flattens during ______. |
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| rapid and deep respiration |
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| inadequate air in alveoli |
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| lower than normal oxygen level in tissues |
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| Air in the plural space is known as |
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| In the digestion system, parasympathetic system: |
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| In the digestive system, the symphathetic system: |
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| yellowing of the skin due to bile pigments in blood |
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| Cholelithiasis is a medical term for: |
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Positive ions are: ______
and the main substance released is:___ |
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Negative ions are:_____
And contain:______, _______ |
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| anions. phosphate and chloride. |
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| The accumulation of excess fluid in intracellular spaces is known as; |
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| The organs of the urinary system are: |
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2 kidneys
2 ureters
urinary bladder
urethra |
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| What artery supplies blood to the kidneys? |
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| What is the functional unit of the kidney? |
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| What is the coil of capullaries in glomerulus capsule? |
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antidiuretic hormone
from pituitary gland
promotes reabsorption of water |
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| Specific gravity is the amount of: |
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| dissolved substances in the urine |
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| What are the primary male reproductive organs? |
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| coiled tube on testes that stores spermatozoa |
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| What are the female primary reproductive organs? |
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| What is the start of pregnancy? |
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| The placenta's functions are: |
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| nourishment, gas exchange, removal of wastes, and production of hormones |
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| A viable infant is one who: |
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| can live outside the uterus |
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| is only expressed if received from both parents |
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| Examples of chromosome disease would be: |
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| down's syndrome (extra 21st chromosome) |
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| Total amount of blood in the body is: |
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| Mesenteric supplies blood to the: |
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| How much water is consumed on average for a day? |
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| 0-14 0-7.0: acidic 7.9-14: base (alkaline) normal blood is 7.35-7.45 |
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| The inferior vena cava is the: |
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| large vein that drains the lower body and empties into the heart's RA |
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| The superior vena cava is the: |
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| large vein that drains the upper part of the body and empties into the heart's RA |
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| Inflammation of the veins is known as: |
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| Coronary arteries supplies: |
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| supplies blood to the heart |
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| Where are the cervical lymphnodes located? |
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| lymphocyte active in immunity that matures in the thymus gland; destroys foreign cells directly |
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| a cell fragment that forms a plug to stop bleeding and acts in blood clotting |
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| Narrowing of a duct or canal is known as |
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| What is the tube that connects the middle ear cavity to the throat, auditory tube |
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| the tissue where cells act |
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| waste products in the blood |
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| What connects the brain stem to the spinal cord? |
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| A disease in which myelin sheath around axons is damaged and neuron fibers themselves degenerate is: |
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| Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; active during stress |
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| Divisions of small intestine |
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duoderm (first 10 inches)
jejunum (next 2/5)
ileum (remaining portion) |
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| Divisions of large intestines |
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| ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colons, rectum, anus |
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