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A&P Ch's 7-11
Quiz study guide
231
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
01/10/2012

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Term
Abdominopelvic has ____ quadrants
Definition
four
Term
Abdominopelvic has _____ regions
Definition
nine
Term
Actin and Myosin creates what?
Definition
Cross-bridges
Term
Active transport:
Definition
transporters, reqires ATP
Term
Aerobic
Definition
requires oxygen
Term
Alopecia
Definition
baldness
Term
Anabolism
Definition
the building phase of body materials
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
does not require oxygen
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
facing forward, palms out, face forward, feet parallel
Term
Anatomy
Definition
study of body structure
Term
Another name for a tumor
Definition
Neoplasm
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
number of an element that is equal to the number of protons
Term
Atoms
Definition
subunit of elements
Term
Axon in nervous tissue
Definition
fibers of neuron. carry impulses AWAY from body
Term
Body substances precaution
Definition
gloves/gowns/masks
never recap a needle
hand washing
OSHA-gov. agency that sets health standards
Term
Bones
Definition
firm, framework for entire body, makes the skeleton, and produces blood cells while protecting delicate structures.

206 bones
Term
Burns evaluated by
Definition
depth, body surface area, rules of nines(surface area are assigned % in mulitples of 9's)
Term
CT means
Definition
computed tomography (bones, soft tissue, brain cavities)
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
base unit of carbohydrate- sugar
monosaacharides
Term
Cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
INVOLUNTARY. forms main part of heart
Term
Catsbolism
Definition
the breakdown of complex susbstances to release energy from nutrients
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
CNS: contains brain and spinal cord
Term
Centrioles
Definition
help seperate chromosomes during cell divison.

without:cells would not divide
Term
Cerebrospinal fluid
Definition
circulates around and within brain and spinal cord, cushions and protects, and ventricles are the four spaces wuthin brain where CSF is prodocued
Term
Cervical and lumbar
Definition
appears at 3 months of age - cervical
appears when beginning to walk- lumbar
Term
Colloid
Definition
Does not disolve but remains evenly distributed material
Term
Compunds
Definition
substances comosed of two or more different elements
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
formed by the sharing of electrons
Term
Cranial
Definition
near the head
Term
Decubitus ulcer
Definition
bedsore. associated with disintergration
Term
Dendrites in nervous tissue
Definition
are fibers of neuron. carry impulses TO body
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
a conclusion as to the nature of the illness
Term
Diplococci
Definition
pairs
Term
Discoloration
Definition
pallor-pale
jaundice-yellowing
flushing-reddness
cyanosis-bluish
Term
Distal
Definition
Farther away
Term
Dorsal cavity
Definition
contains brain & spinal cord
Term
Electron
Definition
Negatively charged particle that orbits out the nucleus
Term
Endemic
Definition
disease lesser extent but continus in particular region
Term
Endocrine
Definition
secrete hormones
Term
Endocrine system
Definition
Production of hormones for regulation of groth, metabolism, and reproduction
Term
Endomysiuum
Definition
around individual fibers
Term
Epidermis
Definition
deepest layer from which the skin grows from
Term
Exocrine
Definition
secretes through ducts: digestivem tearsm sweatm oils
Term
Fibrous connective tissue
Definition
tendons, ligaments
Term
Frontal
Definition
Divides body ubti anterior and posterior
Term
Functions of skin
Definition
Protect against infection
Protect against dehydration
Regulation of body temperature
Collection of Sensory Information
Absorbs/Excretes Vitamin D
Term
Hard connective tissue
Definition
cartilage (produced by chondrocytes)
Term
How many ribs are there? Why?
Definition
12 pairs of ribs. encloses and protects heart, lungs, and other organs
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
sends out, shrinks. higher concentration than normal cells
Term
Hypothalmus
Definition
helps maintain homeostasis by controlling temperature, water balance, sleep, appetite, and some emotions.
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
takes in and swells then bursts. lower concentration than normal cells
Term
Inferior
Definition
below or lower
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
Term
Isotonic
Definition
keeps same, no changes
Term
Lacrimal glands
Definition
tear ducts
Term
Level of organization
Definition
Cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
Term
Lipids
Definition
fats & chlorestorol
Term
Liquid connective tissue
Definition
blood and lymph
Term
Local
Definition
small area
Term
MRI means
Definition
magnetic resonance imaging (gives more views of brain)
Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition
connects brain and spinal cord, contains centers for respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor; contralateral control (something on left side of brain controls right side of body)
Term
Meninges in connective tissue membranes
Definition
layers cover brain and spinal cord
Term
Metabolism
Definition
all the chemical reactions needed to sustain life
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
"power plant"
Term
Mixtures
Definition
blend of two or more substances
Term
Myco-
Definition
fungus
Term
Nervous system contains:
Definition
brain/ spinal cord
Term
Neuroglia in nervous tissue
Definition
is the support cells of the nervous system
Term
Neutrons
Definition
Noncharged particles in the nucleus
Term
Normal Flora
Definition
population of normal organisms that grow on or in our body
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
DNA & RNA
Term
Nucleotide is made of:
Definition
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
Term
Nucleus
Definition
center of the cell
Term
Obligate intracellular paracites
Definition
only live in living cells
Term
Osmosis:
Definition
diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
form bones
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
responsible for reabsorption*

*break down of bone tissue
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
matured osteoblasts
Term
Osteomalacia
Definition
lack of calcium.
Called rickets in small children
Term
PET
Definition
position emission tommography
Term
Pandemic
Definition
disease prevalent throught the entire world (HIV/AIDS)
Term
Papule
Definition
firm raised area(ex.pimple/pox)
Term
Pathology
Definition
study of disease
Term
Perichondrium
Definition
membrane atound cartilage
Term
Periostium
Definition
membrane around a bone
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
PNS: nerves outside CNS. spinal and cranial nerves
Term
Phospholipid layer
Definition
made of phospholipids and chloroesterol

proteins are channesl and transporters
Term
Physiology
Definition
study of how body functions
Term
Pinocytosis:
Definition
engulfs droplets of fluid
Term
Pivot joint
Definition
allows rotation around the length of the bone
Term
Plasma Membrane is:
Definition
selectively permeable

regulates what comes in or out
Term
Portals of entry and exit
Definition
skin, respritory track, digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive system
Term
Proteins
Definition
composed of a building block called AMINO ACIDS
Term
Protons
Definition
positively charged electrical particles in the nucleus
Term
Proximal
Definition
near origin of the structure midline
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
small bodies for making proteins
Term
Roles of DNA:
Definition
contains genetic message, located in nucleus, composed of nucleotides, double stranded
Term
Roles of RNA:
Definition
single stranded, located in cytoplasm, translates DNA
Term
Sagittal
Definition
Divides body into left & right parts
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
most common structural disorder
Term
Sebaceous
Definition
oil glands
Term
Shingles
Definition
viral infection
Term
Sign
Definition
evidence that the healthcare professional can see
Term
Simple Diffusion:
Definition
moves substances that can freely pass through plasma membrane
Term
Skeletal muscle tissue
Definition
VOLUNTARY. tendons and bones to move
Term
Smooth muscle tissue
Definition
INVOLUNTARY. forms organs
Term
Soft connective tissue
Definition
Areolar- surrounds vessels and organs


Adipose- stores fat
Term
Solutions
Definition
mizture formed when one substance disolves another
Term
Spinal Cord
Definition
-18 inches long
-ends above the level of hipbone
-in vertebral column
-ends between 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
Term
Stages of Mitosis:
Definition
PMAT!
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
Term
Staphylococci
Definition
large clusters
Term
Streptococci
Definition
chains
Term
Subcutaneous layer
Definition
aka hypodermis
Term
Sudoriferous
Definition
sweat glands
Term
Superior
Definition
above or higher
Term
Suspension
Definition
materials settle out of the mixture (ex: oil and water)
Term
Sympathetic nervous system
Definition
"crisis mode"
Term
Symptom
Definition
change the patient describes
Term
Systemic
Definition
widespread/ throughout body
Term
Thalmus
Definition
sort out impulses, sends to cerebal cortex
Term
Thoratic and sacral is what curve?
Definition
The primary curves
Term
Tissue repair
Definition
nutrition, blood supply, infection, age
Term
Transverse
Definition
Divides body into superior and inferior
Term
Vector
Definition
insect, animal to spread illness
Term
Ventral (Anterior)
Definition
Front surface
Term
Ventral (Posterior)
Definition
back surface
Term
Visual lobe is ____?
Definition
occiptal
Term
What is a fontanel?
Definition
"soft spots"
incomplete skull formation
closes at 18 months
allows growth during infancy
Term
What is a lumbar puncture?
Definition
Used to remove small amount of cerebrospinal fluid
Term
What is a synapse?
Definition
junction between neurons

at a synapse: transmission of an impulse usually occurs from the axon of the cell (presynaptic) to the dendrite of another cell (postsynaptic)
Term
What is compact bone tissue?
Definition
hard & dense.
located in the shaft of long bones
Term
What is red bone marrow?
Definition
found in spongy bone at the ends of the long bones
Term
What is spongy bone tissue?
Definition
located in the ends (epiphysis) & center of other bones
Term
What is the clavicle?
Definition
collarbone
Term
What is the ethmoid?
Definition
light and fragile bone between the eyes
Term
What is the gluteus maximus?
Definition
The fleshy part of the buttocks
Term
What is the gluteus medius?
Definition
partially covered by maximus, abducts the thigh.

intramuscular injections
Term
What is the scapula?
Definition
shoulder blade
Term
What is the top and sides of the skull?
Definition
the two parietal bones
Term
Which ribs are "floating"?
Definition
the last 2 ribs
Term
Which ribs are false?
Definition
last 5 ribs are false.
Term
abducens
Definition
controlling eyeball muscle
Term
acetabulum
Definition
holds head of femur
Term
alzheimer disease
Definition
brain disorder that develops gradually involving severe impairment of memory, mood changes
Term
anitsepsis
Definition
prevents pathogens from multiplying
Term
aphasia
Definition
difficulty with speaking/language
Term
astigmatism
Definition
curvator of the lens
Term
ball-and-socket joint
Definition
allows movement in many directions around a central point. Gives that greatest freedom of movement
Term
cataract
Definition
cloudiness of the lens
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
makes the neck. 7 bones.
Term
color blindness caused by:
Definition
deficency of cones
Term
condyloid joint
Definition
allows movement in two directions
Term
cones
Definition
detect colors. functions in bright light
Term
disinfection
Definition
kills all pathogens but doesn't kill harmless microbes
Term
endoneurium
Definition
around individual fibers
Term
epimysium
Definition
around whole muscle, encloses
Term
epineurium
Definition
around the whole nerve
Term
expressive aphasia
Definition
difficulty with the ability to write or speak
Term
facial
Definition
facial expressions, tear and salvia
Term
foramen
Definition
allows vessel/nerve to pass through/between bones
Term
fossa
Definition
depression on a bone surface
Term
fungi
Definition
disease are mycotic infections
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
chief muscle of calf
"belly of calf"
Term
general senses
Definition
pressure, temperature, pain
Term
glaucoma
Definition
excess pressure of aqueous humor
Term
gliding joint
Definition
bones surfaces slide over one another
(joints in wrist and ankles)
Term
glossopharyngeal
Definition
posterior tongue and throat, taste, swallowing
Term
hinge joint
Definition
allows movement in one direction, changing the angle of the bone at the joint
Term
how many bones are in the head & trunk of body?
Definition
80
Term
hyperopia
Definition
far sightedness
Term
iatro
Definition
physician
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
small in back. 5 bones.
Term
meatus
Definition
a short channel or passageway
Term
metatarsal bone
Definition
bones of instep
Term
myopia
Definition
near sightedness
Term
obcularis means what?
Definition
ring shaped muscle
Term
oculomotor
Definition
contraction of most eye muscles
Term
olfactory
Definition
carries smell imoulses from receptors in nasal neurons to brain
Term
optic
Definition
visual impulses from eye to brain
Term
otosclerosis
Definition
hereditary bone disorger that prevents normal vibration of the stapes
Term
parasympathetic system
Definition
rest and digest
Term
parkinson disease
Definition
progressive neurologic condition (Tremors) lacking dopamine
Term
patella
Definition
knee
Term
perineurium
Definition
around a fascicle
Term
phalanges
Definition
toes; counter parts of fingers
Term
pia mater is
Definition
vascular innermost layer
Term
receptive aphasia
Definition
difficulty with written or spoken language
Term
receptor cells for vision are:
Definition
rods and cones
Term
refraction
Definition
bending of light
Term
rods
Definition
cannot detect light.
work in dimlight
Term
sacral vertebrae
Definition
sacrum. 5 bones.
Term
saddle joint
Definition
like a condyloid joint, but with deeper articulating surfaces
Term
simple columnar
Definition
long and narrow cell
Term
special senses
Definition
vision, hearing, taste, smell
Term
sterilization
Definition
kill all microorganisms (autoclave)
Term
tarsal
Definition
ankle/foot
Term
tendon
Definition
band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Term
the pH scale is :
Definition
0-14. 0-7 is acidic, 7 is base. 8-14 is base (alkalinic)
Normal blood id 7.35-7.45
Term
thoratic vertebrae
Definition
makes chest cavity. 12 bones.
Term
tibia
Definition
shin bone
Term
tonus is:
Definition
(tone) partially contracted state, even when not in use
Term
trigeminal
Definition
face and head
Term
trochlear
Definition
one eye ball muscle
Term
vagus
Definition
longest cranial nerve
Term
vastus lateralis
Definition
deeper center of thigh
Term
vastus medialis
Definition
deeper center of thigh
Term
vesicle
Definition
blister, small fluid sac
Term
vestibulocochlear
Definition
hearing and equillibrium
Term
what does a dendrite do?
Definition
takes impulses toward cell bodies
Term
what does a motor neuron do?
Definition
(efferent)carries impulses from CNS out to muscles & glands
Term
what does a sensory neuron do?
Definition
(afferent)conduct impulses to spinal cord and brain
Term
what does an axon do?
Definition
takes impulses away from the cell bodies
Term
what does the ear do
Definition
secretes wax by cerimious gland
Term
what does vasodilation?
Definition
brings blood to tissues and is widening
Term
what is a fasicle?
Definition
a bundle of muscle fibers
Term
what is a spasm?
Definition
sudden painful contraction
Term
what is a sprain?
Definition
tearing of the ligaments
Term
what is a strain?
Definition
overuse injury
Term
what is actin
Definition
one of the contractile proteins in muscle cells
Term
what is myosin
Definition
contractile proteins in muscle cells
Term
what is the femur?
Definition
the thighbone
Term
what is the fulcrum of the body mechanics?
Definition
the joint
Term
what is the most important muscle to breathing?
Definition
the diaphragram
Term
what is the occipital
Definition
form's skulls posterior and part of base
Term
what is the ossicles
Definition
malleus, incus, and stapes
Term
what is the ossicles and how many are there?
Definition
tiny bones in each middle ear.
3.
Term
what is the sternum?
Definition
breastbone
Term
what is the support cells of the nervous system?
Definition
neurolgia
Term
what is the tympanic membrane
Definition
eardrum
Term
what is yellow marrow?
Definition
found in the central cavities of long bones. composed largely of fat
Term
which ribs are true?
Definition
first seven pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum
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