Term
| What are the two types of glands which make up the Endocrine System? |
|
Definition
| Endocrine Glands and Exocrine Glands |
|
|
Term
| Where do the secretions of the Endocrine Glands go? |
|
Definition
| They go directly into the capillaries of the circulatory system (the blood) |
|
|
Term
| Do the secretions of Endocrine Glands leave out of ducts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the secretions of the Exocrine Glands go? |
|
Definition
| Through ducts in the body. (Hint: EXocrine EXit through DUCTS) |
|
|
Term
| Where are Hormones secreted from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Influence and control body function. |
|
|
Term
| What affect does the Nervous System have on the control of the body (as opposed to the Endocrine System)? |
|
Definition
| Rapid, brief control through fast-moving impluses. |
|
|
Term
| What affect does the Endocrine System have on the control of the body (as opposed to the Nervous System)? |
|
Definition
| Slower, long-lasting control via hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Which gland is the ONLY gland that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 6 functions of the body affected by hormones. (Hint: Good Dogs Make Silly, Energetic Companions) |
|
Definition
| Growth, Development, Metabolism, Sexual Maturity, Endocrine gland function, Composition of blood & bone |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the Pituitary Gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the hormones secreted from the Pituitary Gland affect? |
|
Definition
| Other glands, growth, and development. |
|
|
Term
| How is the Pituitary gland divided? |
|
Definition
| Into two lobes: the Anterior Lobe and Posterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Growth Hormone secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
| What does the Growth Hormone do? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the growth and development of the body |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It increases thyroid cell activity to produce thyroid hormone. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
| What does the Melanocyte-stimulating hormone do? |
|
Definition
| Increases skin pigmentation |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates the graafin follicle to produce estrogen |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Luteinizing hormone (LH) secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It causes ruptured ovarian follicles to become a corpus luteum that secretes progesterone |
|
|
Term
| Where is Prolactin secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It's responsible for breast development and the production of milk. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Anterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
| What does the Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone do? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone. |
|
|
Term
| Where is Oxytocin secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Posterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It stimulates uterine contractions and is responsible for the flow of milk from breasts (not production) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Antidiuretic hormone secreted from? |
|
Definition
| The Pituitary Gland, Posterior Lobe |
|
|
Term
| What does the Antidiurectic hormone do? |
|
Definition
| It concentrates urine and conserves water |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for Antidiuretic hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the result of hyposecretion of the Growth Hormone in early years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the result of hypersecretion of the Growth Hormone in early years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the result of hypersecretion of the Growth Hormone in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many glands does the Thyroid Gland have? |
|
Definition
| Two, one on each side of the larynx, with a central connecting section |
|
|
Term
| What are the three hormones secreted by the Thyroid Gland? |
|
Definition
| Thyroxine (T3), Triiodothyronine (T4), and Throcalcitonin |
|
|
Term
| What do the hormones T3 and T4 strongly affect? |
|
Definition
| Metabolism, and therefore the mental & physical activity needed for growth and development |
|
|
Term
| What does Thyrocalcitonin do? |
|
Definition
| It inhibits the bones from releasing calcium |
|
|
Term
| Where are the 2 pairs of Parathyroid glands located? |
|
Definition
| On the posterior surface of the thyroid glands |
|
|
Term
| What do the Parathyroid glands do? |
|
Definition
| They regulate the calcium content of the blood (PTH) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Adrenal Gland located? |
|
Definition
| At the top of each kidney and contained in a capsule |
|
|
Term
| Name the two layers of the Adrenal Gland. |
|
Definition
| Medulla (center) and Cortex (outer layer) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Medulla of the Adrenal Gland secrete? |
|
Definition
| Adrenaline (or epinephrine) |
|
|
Term
| What does Adrenaline do for the body? |
|
Definition
| Helps regulate "fight or flight" by regulating heart rate and blood pressure & flow. |
|
|
Term
Name the three hormones produced by the Cortex of the Adrenal Gland.
(hint: GAS) |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoids, Aldosterone, Sex steroids |
|
|
Term
| What does Aldosterone do? |
|
Definition
| Controls electrolyte balances |
|
|
Term
| What does Glucocorticoids do? |
|
Definition
| Affect protein, fat, and glucose metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Pancreas located? |
|
Definition
| Curves from the duodenum to the spleen |
|
|
Term
| How does the Pancreas function as an Endocrine gland? |
|
Definition
| Produces the hormone Insulin, which metabolizes carbohydrates (capllaries) |
|
|
Term
| How does the Pancreas function as an Exocrine gland? |
|
Definition
| It Produces Pancreatic fluid that becomes part of the digestive juices (ducts) |
|
|
Term
| What are the clumps of cells called that make up the Endocrine system in the Pancreas? |
|
Definition
| Islets of Langerhans or Pancreatic Islets |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of cells found in the Islets of the Pancreas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Alpha cells in the Pancreatic Islets do? |
|
Definition
| Secretes Glucagon that accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of converting glycogen to glucose in the liver called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Beta cells in the Pancreatic Islets do? |
|
Definition
| Secrete Insulin, which lowers blood sugar. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the relationship between Glucagon and Insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does the Thymus Gland have? |
|
Definition
| Two, located beneath the sternum |
|
|
Term
| What is the state of the Thymus gland in childhood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Thymus gland produce? |
|
Definition
| Peptides involved in: T cell maturation, autoreactive T cell elimination, and immune system T cell selection |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Pineal Gland located? |
|
Definition
| Attached by a slim stalk to the roof the third ventricle of the brain |
|
|
Term
| What does the Pineal Gland secrete? |
|
Definition
| Melatonin (the circadian rhythm) |
|
|
Term
| What does the Pituitary Gland regulate with regard to puberty? |
|
Definition
| The timing of the onset of puberty |
|
|
Term
| What is the general definition of Gonads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the female gonad glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the ovaries secrete? |
|
Definition
| Estrogen and Progesterone. |
|
|
Term
| What does Estrogen do in females? |
|
Definition
| Affects the uterine lining, and promotes the growth and development of the primary and secondary sex organs |
|
|
Term
| What does Progesterone do in females? |
|
Definition
| Affects uterine lining, affects secretory portions of the breasts, maintains pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| Name the male gonad organs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Testes secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Testosterone do in males? |
|
Definition
| It develops the primary and secondary male sex characteristics; facilitates the maturation of sperm cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder of the Thyroid Gland, results in lack of physical and mental growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic disease of insulin deficiency or resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood sugar levels become extremely high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood sugar levels become extremely low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enlarged thyroid gland that results from lack of iodine and causes oversecretion of TSH |
|
|
Term
| What is Cushing's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Adrenal Gland disorder. Physical effects include "buffalo hump" and "moon face" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid gland disorder of too-little thyroid hormone production. Results in forgetfulness, dry skin and intolerance to cold |
|
|
