Term
| Underlying cause of articulation disorder: |
|
Definition
| learned how to do a certain snd wrong, or have prob w/ speech mechanism |
|
|
Term
| phonological disorders are ___ based |
|
Definition
| rule based; (Final consonant deletion?) might delete snds at end of words, one component of language is affected. |
|
|
Term
| functional phonological disorder OLD TERM, aka: |
|
Definition
| speech sound disorder (SSD) of unknown origin. NEW TERM |
|
|
Term
| an ORGANIC PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER means |
|
Definition
| there's a KNOWN CAUSE (e.g. cerebral palsy, cleft palate, w/ hearing prob) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- doesn't differentiate b/w artic & phon. disorders, but when you can, do!
- when the child can't produce snds correctly THAT THEY SHOULD BE ABLE TO PRODUCE FOR THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE. |
|
|
Term
| What are advantages of the term "Speech sound disorder"? |
|
Definition
- cover term for articulation & phonology
- historical changes in how we've viewed SSD's (all artic, no artic, a bit of both)
- Disorder can be related to difficulty in:
1. learning motor movements
2. learning snds can be combined in certain ways
3. learning how rules govern phonemic changes
4. learning that phonetic changes result in changes in meaning. |
|
|
Term
| A SSD may be related to difficulties in: (4) |
|
Definition
1. learning motor movements
2. learning that snds can be combined in certain ways
3. learning how rules govern phonemic changes
4. learning that phonetic changes result in changes in meaning. |
|
|
Term
| Phonological disorders are: (4) |
|
Definition
- a cognitive-linguistic problem
- errors due to incorrect application of rules
- patterned errors
- STIMULABLE |
|
|
Term
| Articulation disorders are: (4) |
|
Definition
- difficulty w/ production-prob physically producing the snds
- organic or functional
- perceptual errors due to immaturity in learning development
- NOT stimulable |
|
|
Term
(Classification system)
Shriberg's 7 putative subtypes of SSD of unknown origin. |
|
Definition
Classified by etiology:
- there's a distal cause (original cause) & proximal cause (maintaining disorder)
- initial focus: CAUSAL CORRELATES
- recent focus: DIAGNOSITC MARKERS
- 56%- Genetic- deletion errors
- 30%- Otitis Media + effusion- backing errors I-S gap
- 12%- Dev. psychosocial involvement- severity? |
|
|
Term
(classification system)
Dodd et al. 2005 |
|
Definition
based on "symptoms" of error patterns:
Artic disorder (12.5%): substitutions/distortions
Phon delay: (57.5%): typical errors
Consistent phon disorder (20.6%): typical & atypical errors
Inconsistent phonological disorder (9.4%): atypical & inconsistent |
|
|
Term
(classification system)
Stackhouse & Wells 1997 |
|
Definition
psycholinguistic deficit- difficulty proccessing speech
Phonological prob: speech output probs
Phonological processing prob: underlying cognitive probs that result in speech and literacy probs |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of children w/ SSD? (4) |
|
Definition
1. omission/substitution/distortion
2. liquids, fricatives, affricates, clusters (HARD) they have nasals, stops, & glides
3. simple syllable structure
4. phon processes similar to those seen in younger children |
|
|
Term
| what % of 3 yrs olds have speech delay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what % of 6 yrs olds have speech delay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| speech delay is more common in boys than girls. & is the most common communication disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of children w/ ssd? |
|
Definition
- short term normalization (75% of kids w/ SSD have normal speech by age 6)
- long term normalization (most kids w/ SSD have normal speech by age 9) |
|
|
Term
| What are some common phonological rules? |
|
Definition
- final consonant deletion
- cluster reduction
- reduplication
- fronting/backing
- unstressed syllable deletion
- assimilation (any snd that becomes like another snd in the wrd)
- stopping
-epithesis |
|
|
