Term
|
Definition
| Variation in size of erythrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Mucous membranes on inside of cheek |
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Term
|
Definition
| Labored or difficult breathing. Due to inadequate ventilation or insufficient amounts of oxygen in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhagic spot, in the skin or MM. Non-elevated, rounded or irregular shaped, blue or purple patching |
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Term
|
Definition
| results from capillary distress under skin resulting from RBCs escaping and building up in surrounding tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Deficiency of eosinophils. Commonly associated with stress |
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Term
|
Definition
| circulating erythrocytes in blood, their precursors and all body elements concerned with their production |
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Term
|
Definition
| the science dealing with causes of disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| coughing and spitting of blood as a result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract. |
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Term
|
Definition
| defiency of protein in blood caused by inadequate intake or synthesis due to liver damage, kidney disease, intestinal parasite infestation |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertaining to or affected with jaundice (yellowness), due to poor liver function which causes hyperbilirubinemia. Deposit of bile fluids causes yellowness |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in number of leukocytes in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease in number of lymphocytes in blood. Associated with early stages of viral infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| median septum or partition, the mass of tissues and organs separating the two lungs, between the sternum ventrally and the vertebral column dorsally |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in number of neutrophils in blood. Associated with inflammation. Due to bacterial toxins and infections |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Projecting part of the ear lying outside of the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| Variation in Hb content of erythrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in circulating red blood cell mass (relative or absolute) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of fluid in the space between the membrane encasing the lung and lining the throracic cavity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| prothrombin time. Test done to evaluate bloods ability to clot. Tests the extrinsic factors |
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Term
|
Definition
| activated partial thromboplastin time. Test for intrinsic and common coagulation pathways |
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Term
|
Definition
| tough, usually white outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuour with the cornea |
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Term
|
Definition
| Surgical puncture and drainage of the thoracic cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in number of platelets circulating in the blood. Due to decrease platelet production in bone marrow or increase destruction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alanine transferase. Found in hepatocytes, enters blood when cells are damaged or destroyed (so increase indicates ongoing liver damage) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Alkaline phosphatase. Found in liver and bone. Increase in serum indicates cholestatic liver disease, can increase after an episode of acute pancreatitis. Does not suggest liver necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| released into blood in the event of pancreatic inflammation. Important for normal digestion of starch |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in nitrogenous wasts in circulation. BUN and creatinine. Can be prerenal or postrenal |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood urea nitrogen. Increases with azotemia or uremia. Decreases with starvation or chronic liver disease. (made in liver, removed by kidneys) |
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease in bile flow. Indicated by increased conjugated bilirubin in serum and urine. Delta bilirubin indicates previous cholestasis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Same as caudal vertebrae (make up the tail) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Canine lipase immunoreactivity. Measures pancreatic lipase (as opposed to all forms of lipase). Indicates inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
|
Definition
| product of muscle metabolism. Elevated by conditions that reduce glomerular filtration. Indicates azotemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| stone, usually made of calcium carbonate |
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Term
|
Definition
| how well an object can generate or reflect sound waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| glomerular filtration rate. The ability of renal tubes to cary their absorbing capacity and ensure no great electrolyte loss. |
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Term
|
Definition
| gamme glutamyl transpeptidase. Liver enzymes that increases in the event of portal biliary system disease. Indicates cholestatic liver disease. Used in conjection with ALP |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged liver. Can indicate inflammation, biliary obstruction, can be felt on palpation or radiograph |
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Term
|
Definition
| high power field. When examining sediment in a urinalysis, cells are reported as number per high power field |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in cholesterol. Most commonly associated with hypothyroidism, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism and obstructuve biliary tract disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase globulin in bloodstream. Indicates liver disease, because liver should be picking up globulins and removed them. Can also indicate an immune response |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase in protein. Can be a relative increase due to dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
| low echogenicity in ultrasound. Does not reflect sound waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased number of immature neutrophils compared to normal. Indicative of inflammation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pancreatic digestive enzyme normally secred into duodenum. Increase levels indicate acute pancreatitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased number of monocytes. Seen in inflammation, stress and tissue necrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| picks up the presence of Hb, Mb and RBCs in urine. Should be negative |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| increased red cell mass caused by dehydration. Not actually more RBCs just less plasma. Noted by a concurrent increase in total protein |
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Term
|
Definition
| normal when the skin quickly returns to normal after tenting. Decrease = dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| one with blue-black and large reddish cytoplasmic . Caused by disruption of maturation, consistent with inflammation. Shorten maturation time in marrow |
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|
Term
| Trypsin-like immunoreactivity |
|
Definition
| measure concentration of trypsinogen (trypsin precursor) in the blood. Increase means inflammation of pancreas or uremia. Low means pancreatic insufficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
| cystolith found in the urinary system |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of a part away from the median plane |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of a part towards the median plane |
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Term
|
Definition
| act of listening to body sounds during a physical exam. |
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Term
|
Definition
| separation of a small fragment of bone cortex at the site of attachent of a ligament or tendon. Occurs when a tendon or ligament pulls with more force than is holding together the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| crackling sound or sensation created by bone grating on bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| capillary refill time, time required for oral mucosa which has been blanched to return to normal color. This test determine whether circulation is working properly. Factors are arterial BP and vasoconstriction |
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Term
|
Definition
| return a luxated joint back into its socket without open surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| small sesamoid bone found in the tendon near the lateral condyle of the femur. |
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Term
|
Definition
| envelope surrounding a synovial joint, it seals the joint space |
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Term
|
Definition
| complete dislocation of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| mucous membrane. Examined during a physical exam to estimate how well oxygen is being transported to the tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| open surgery to reset bones. If luxation does not heal properly with closed, open may be needed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Active ingredient: imidacloprid. Acts on fleas to cause paralysis and death. Kills before they reproduce |
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Term
|
Definition
| Active ingredient: milbemycin oxime. Disrupts nerve transmission within parasite and leads to death. Prevents heartworm and hookworms and removes whipworms and roundworms |
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic opiate which bind and stimulate opiate receptors that block sensation of pain in the brain. Used for pain management associated with inflammation and tissue necrosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreased GFR flow due to dehydration (relative increase), shock, decreased cardiac output. Azotemia + normal specific gravity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreased tissue mass or functional mass. Azotemia + abnormal specific gravity |
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Term
|
Definition
| decreased excretion. Nitrogenous materials are retained because of bladder rupture or obstruction. Diagnosed clinically |
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Term
|
Definition
| just have birth to a calf |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dairy herd improvement association. Promote accuracy, credibility and uniformity of DHI records |
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Term
|
Definition
| the average milk production per herd per year based on the 12 months just finished |
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Term
|
Definition
| California Mastitis Test for early detection of bovine mastitis. The CMT chemical reagent reacts with leukocytes if present due to an infection (mastitis = inflammation of udder) |
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Term
|
Definition
| These movements serve to mix the ingesta, aid in eructation of gas, and propel fluid and fermented foodstuffs into the omasum. |
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Term
|
Definition
| estimate of bicarbonate in the serum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ketone bodies present in the urine. Happens when body produces excess ketones as an energy source (when animal has a negative energy balance) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of lining of uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
the practice of weighing and blending all feedstuffs into a complete ration, which provides adequate nourishment to meet the needs of dairy cows.
Total Mixed Ration |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical procedure in which the abomasum is sutured to the inside of the abdomen to prevent a displaced abomasums from reoccurring |
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Term
|
Definition
| lack of tone in the abomasal wall. Due to displacement or torsion of the abomasum |
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Term
|
Definition
| An elevated serum concentration indicates damage to tissue cells, especially of the heart and liver. Aspartame aminotransferase |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical incision on the flank, into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| cow that has had more than one calf |
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Term
|
Definition
| method of correcting an LDA, in which teh omentum is sutured to the abdominal wall |
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|
Term
| paralumbar fossa pyloro-omentopexy |
|
Definition
| method of correcting an LDA, in which an incision is made in the paralumbar fossa and the pylorus and omentum are sutured to the wall of the abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
| most caudal part of the abomasum, closet to the small intestine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| large flap of peritoneum (connective tissue) that hangs down into the peritoneal cavity and also connects the abomasums and the duodenum of the small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Liver specific enzyme that is used to detect hepatocellular damage. Sorbitol dehydrogenase |
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Term
|
Definition
| contorsion of the limb resulting from improper alignment of bone growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| a young, intact male horse up to 4 years of age |
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Term
|
Definition
| the metacarpo and metatarso phalangeal joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of a bone or part of a bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| incision or transection of a bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| dissolution of bone; applied especially to the removal or loss of calcium from the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bone due to pyogenic infection. May result bone destruction, stiffening of the joints. If this occurs before the end of the growth period, it can shorten the limb if the growth center is destroyed |
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Term
|
Definition
| relating to the period shortly before and after birth |
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Term
|
Definition
| cutting a cross-section/transversely through the periosteum of the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| containing or forming puss |
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Term
|
Definition
| deformity in which there is a curvature of the radius and ulna in which premature closure of the distal ulnar physis and the radim continues to grow with a cranial bowing |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of serum and blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| implantation of staples or screws and a wire connecting the two to create a bridge from cranio-medial to distal aspect of radium; allow potential growth of the lateral side to catch up. Approprate for mild to moderate disformity. This is for valgus deformity. A varus deformity would have the screw placed on the lateral side) |
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Term
|
Definition
| bent outward. Angulation is away from the midline of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| bent inward. Angulation of the part is toward the midline of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| twist along axis of mesentary of the intestine, causing obstruction with or without compromising the blood supply to the part by strangulation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| noninflammatory hair loss in sharply defined areas |
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Term
|
Definition
| Spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle of the eyelid (eye twitch) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rumbling noises caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines |
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Term
|
Definition
| an organophosphorus insecticide used widely for the control of ectoparasites on animals and in the treatmetn of their environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| solidification; the process of becoming solidified or the condition of being solid; said especially of the lungs as it fills with fibrinous exudates (pretty much means lung fluid) in pneumonia |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the conjunctiva in the eye |
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Term
|
Definition
| An antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal overflow of tears down the face |
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Term
|
Definition
| A small local involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin, representing spontaneous discharge of a number of fibers innervated by a single motor nerve filament |
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Term
|
Definition
| Feline Leukemia Virus. Transmitted by close contact. Causes fever, englarged lymph nodes, immunosuppression and neoplasia. Diagnosed with an in house blood test |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Feline Immunodeficiency virus. transmitted by bites. Causes fever, inflammation and increased susceptibility to diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| Feline Viral Rhinotracheitic/Calcivirus/Panleukopenia |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Secretion and discharge of tears |
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Term
|
Definition
| the vertical fold of mucous membrane under hte tongue, attachig it to the floor of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakness, usually in reference to the limbs |
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Term
|
Definition
| percutaneous endoscopically -placed gastrostomy feeding tube |
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Term
|
Definition
| a cholinesterase reactivator, effective against the nicotinic cholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive secretion of saliva |
|
|
Term
| Pupillary light reflex (PLR) |
|
Definition
| Light is shone into one eye. Both pupils should constrict in response. This test evaluates the integrity of the retina, the 2nd and 3rd cranial nerves, part of the brainstem and iris |
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Term
|
Definition
| insecticide commonly used in fogging and pet products |
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Term
|
Definition
| decreased heart rate caused by the SA node |
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Term
|
Definition
| normal heart rate originating in the sinoatrial node |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased heart rate caused by the SA node |
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Term
|
Definition
| weakness in all four limbs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Air moving in and out of the alveoli and terminal bronchioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this term is used to describe a radiograph in which air can be visualized in the more peripheral intrapulmonary bronchi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to solidification of lung tissue, by replacement of alveolar air with fluid or cellular tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaled material (especially food) resulting in pulmonary dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
| a chemical that binds to cholinesterase and prevents it from being able to break down acetylcholine. Used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis |
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Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of creatin + ATP to creatine phosphate. Creatine kinase is broken down into creatinine and eliminated by the kidneys. Levels in blood measure the amount of muscle damage as well as renal system function |
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Term
|
Definition
| a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which acts by competitively inhibiting acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction |
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Term
|
Definition
| low levels of potassium in teh blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| the group of structures in the thorax in between the lungs, surrounded by the mediastinal pleura. Structures within the mediastinum include the heart, the aorta, the vena cava, the trachea and the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dilation of the esophagus due to paresis of the skeletal muscle present in the canine esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
| the trade name for the drug pyridostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
| spinal reflex elicited by the tapping (stretching) of the muscle tendon, causing a response. usually seen in the flexion or extension of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| Positive Ortolani sign is the distinctive "clunk" that can be heard and the head of the femur re-enters the acetabulum of the hip joint. this indicates dislocation of the hip |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| postural reactions are responses to changes of position of the body or head to maintain position while the eyes are pointed straight ahead and the poll-nose axis pointed similarly. Postural reactions help to distinguish between neurological idsorder and diseases of other body systems. posture requires multiple complicated central and peripheral nerves to be normal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an anticholinesterase inhibitor which acts to inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of reproducing undigested food that has been swallowed but has not passed out of the esophagus and into the stomach. This occur frequently with megaesophagus and myasthenia gravis due to the paresis of the esophagus and the inability to fully swallow indigested food. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A once-a-month topical anthelmentic. The active ingredient is selamectin. It kills adult fleas and prevents flea eggs from hatching for one month. It is also effective against heartworms, ear mites, sarcoptic mange and american dog ticks |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the trade name for the drug endrophonium, a reversible anticholinesterase. Its duration of action is brief |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial or fungal infection of the vertebrae and intervertebral disks. This results in inflammation and bone deformities, which put pressure on the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| Incision of the dura mater to see if the underlying spinal cord is still intact or damaged |
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Term
|
Definition
| on the outside of the dura |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Extrusion: the nucleus pulposus actually breaks out of hte annulus fibrous; protrusion: the annulus fibrous is weakened and the nucleus pulposus is able to push it up into the spinal cord |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Annulus fibrosus is incised to allow removal of nucleus pulposus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| unilateral removal of lamina and portions of the pedicle of affected vertebrae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal softening of a tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiograph with special dye to make the spinal cord visible |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Completely loss of voluntary motor function in part of the body. can be complete or partial. paraplegia is a type of paralysis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Complete loss of voluntary motor function in both pelvic limbs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forceps used for removal of small pieces of bone or tough tissue |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by feline parvo virus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Upper respiratory disease; herpes type of DNA virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retrovirus associated with anemia,neoplastic disease, and suppression of the immune system; can be transmitted from queen to kitten while pregnant |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-herpes RNA virus that produces primarily upper respiratory disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| antibiotic that has nephrotoxic side effects, classified as an aminoglycoside (inhibition of protein production) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an insecticide spray for fleas - works by blocking sodium channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks H2 receptors - antacid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits cells wall synthesis of bacteria cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acetylcholinesterase regenerator (uncoupling it from OP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory drug - steroid chemical structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to prevent heartworm disease - ivermectin & pyrantel pamoate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reverses nicotinic cholinergic signs of organophosphate tox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to prevent heartworm disease - milbemycin oxime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti-acetylcholinesterase - dosed orally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reverses only muscarinic cholinergic signs of OP tox (decreases PNS signs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat intestinal parasites, enhances the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA at presynaptic neurons which leads to paralysis and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hookworms and roundworms. Neuromuscular block on parasite, paralyzes and passed in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| active ingredient is selamectin. Effective against heartworm, adult fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange, american dog tick. Blocks nerve signal transduction by binding to Cl channels allowing continuous Cl influx in parasite leading to paralysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Braod spectrum antibiotic that treats bacterial infections. Active ingredient: amoxicillin trihydrate has an antibacterial effect (inhibits synthesis of cell wall) and clavulanate potassium is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antihelminth drug to combat parasitic worms. Binds to GABA receptors and opens Cl channels (influx). Paralyzes parasites, but cannot pass thru BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imidacloprid, acts on nervous system of fleas to cause paralysis and death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic opiate that stimulates opiate receptors which blocks the sensation of pain in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feed additive called ionophore. causes a shift in rumen microbial populations favoring the production of propionic acid over the production of acetic and butyric acids which improves glucose synthesis and efficiency of energy metabolism. |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| High levels of pLI, high TLI, loss of contrast in right cranial quadrant due to inflammation and hepatomegaly |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| 1. rest pancreas, restrict food until vomiting is under control 2. Give IV fluids to correct dehydration 3. Start liquid diet and move to moderate low fiber diet, low in fat, permanently on low-fat diet |
|
|
Term
| Layers of the growth plate |
|
Definition
| 1. Zone of resting cartilage 2. Zone of proliferation 3. . zone of hypertrophy 4. zone of reabsorption 5. Zone of calcification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metacarpal-phalangeal and metatarsal-phalangeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Middle carpal-carpometacarpal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Location that the ulna would be if the radius and ulna were two separate bones, but in the horse it is fused with the radius. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Femerotibial and femeropatellar joints |
|
|
Term
| Congenital causes of ALD in foals |
|
Definition
| Ligament laxity, cuboidal bone immaturity, in utero positioning |
|
|
Term
| Causes of acquired ALD in foals |
|
Definition
| Physeal damage, disproportionate growth across physis, mechanical overload, nutrition |
|
|
Term
| How can trauma cause angular limb deformity |
|
Definition
| Stretch ligaments causing laxity. Damage soft tissue, endochondral ossification interrupted, uneven compression. Crush part of physis and lead to premature closing of one side of physis. |
|
|
Term
| Non-surgical methods for treating ALD |
|
Definition
| Stall rest, Splints, casts, hoof trimming. Generally these methods are used when ossification is not complete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eastern/Western Equine encephalitis, encephalomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| Normal vaccinations for broodmare |
|
Definition
| Eastern Equine Encephalitis, WEE, west nile, rhenopneumonitis, tetanus toxoid, equine influenza, rabies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by alpha virus which attacks the CNS, carried by birds and rodents. Clinical signs: viral to begin with then CNS involvement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by west nile virus and causes arbovirus encephalitis (inflammation of CNS). Transmitted via mosquitoes. Clinical signs: fever, hind limb weakness, ataxia, muscle fasiculations, changes in personality |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| Causes by neurotoxin from spore bacterium Clostridium tetani. Signs: hypersensitivity, protrusion of 3rd eyelid, stiff gait, sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| Equine herpes virus type 1 and 4. Clinical signs: respiratory disease, fever, congestion, cough, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by orthomyxovirus equine influenze A type 2. Clinical signs: fever, nasal discharge, coughing, depression, anorexia (upper respiratory tract) |
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Term
| Normal TPR of 1 month old foal |
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Definition
T: 100-102.5
P: anywhere from 50-100 bpm
R: 20-40 bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisting of the small or large intestine around the axis of the mesentary that cuts off blood supply to bowel and tissue death. Common term is colic |
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Term
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Definition
| Horse dewormers. Blocks the post-synaptic transmission of nerve impulses by binding to GABA, which paralyzes the parasite for WBC to destroy. Cannot cross blood-brain barrier . It can cause dehydration, bradycardia, respiratory depression, dilated pupils |
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Term
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Definition
| broad spectrum antibiotic, aminoglycoside. treats infections of gram negative bacilli. Enters bacteria and binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit causing misreading and incorrect incorporation of AA and a bactericidal effect, because it compromises the structure of hte bacterial cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits cells wall synthesis of bacteria cells. Primarily against gram positive bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits cells wall synthesis of bacteria cells. Primarily against gram positive bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| active ingredient is selamectin. Effective against heartworm, adult fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange, american dog tick. Blocks nerve signal transduction by binding to Cl channels allowing continuous Cl influx in parasite leading to paralysis. Ataxia may be a side effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Braod spectrum antibiotic that treats bacterial infections. Active ingredient: amoxicillin trihydrate has an antibacterial effect (inhibits synthesis of cell wall) and clavulanate potassium is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peroneal branch of sciatic nerve (L6-L7) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pudendal nerve (S1-S3) anal wink |
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Term
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Definition
| Obstructed airway opens and pressure on obstruction results in vibration on the airway wall. Due to fluid and secretions |
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Term
| Causes of ptyalism and lacrimation |
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Definition
| Overstimulation of PNS resulting in increased exocrine secretions. Ptyalism (CN VII, CNIX) and lacrimation (CN VII) |
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Term
| Anatomical location of Sympathetic NS |
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Definition
| Preganglionic cel bodies in T1-T5, short preganglionic axons synapse on long postganglionc axons (close to thoraco-lumbar spinal cord) |
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Term
| Anatomical location of parasympathetic NS |
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Definition
| Preganglionic bodies in brain stem or sacral spinal cord. Long preganglionic axons that synapse close t effector organs |
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Term
| Physiological causes of hyperglycemia in cats |
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Definition
1. Type II diabetes -> resistance to insulin -> glucose not taken up blood -> hyperglycemia
2. Fasting -> adipose tissue broken down to glycerol and FA -> glycerol transformed to glucose -> hyperglycemia
3. Stress -> elevated catecholamine levels -> promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis -> liver releases glucose into blood -> hyperglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| IV fluids, atropine (corrects PNS signs), Pralidoxime and/or Benedryl (sympathetic and somatic sings), 2PAM reactivates AchE |
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Term
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Definition
| higher affinity to OP than AchE. It frees AchE and binds to OP and excreted in urine. However, after the AchE-OP bond has aged and become covalent |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-muscarinic agent that blocks Ach effects at muscarinic receptors (decrease PNS signs) |
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Term
| Benadryl effect on OP toxicosis |
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Definition
| Diphenhydramine has anti-nicotinic effects (stops blockage at these nictonic junctions), muscle spasms has return to an animal that had no movement. |
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Term
| Routine feline vaccinations |
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Definition
| FeLV, FIV, FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calcivirus, panleukopenia), rabies |
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Term
| Feline viral rhinotracheitis |
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Definition
| Transmission: viral, spread airborne or through direct contact. Clinical signs: feline herpes, upper respiratory infection, conjunctivitis, coughing |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmission: viral, spread airborne or through direct contact. Clinical signs: upper respiratory infection, ulceration |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA feline distemper Transmission: viral, spread fecal-oral or through fomites. Clinical signs: fever, depression, vomiting, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Immune deficiency
Transmission: viral, spread through direct contact or through urine, feces. Clinical signs: fever, swollen lymph nodes, cancers, affects GIT
FeLV combo tests for feline leukemia virus antigen in feline blood |
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Term
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Definition
Immune deficiency, tests for specific antibody (not antigen) to feline immunodeficiency virus. ELISA
Transmission: viral, spread through saliva. Clinical signs: fever, swollen lymph nodes, increased susceptibility for infection |
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Term
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Definition
T: 100.5-102.5
P: 140-250
R: 24-42 |
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Term
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Definition
| Ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antihelminth drug to combat parasitic worms. Binds to GABA receptors and opens Cl channels (influx). Paralyzes parasites, but cannot pass thru BBB |
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Term
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Definition
| Dewormer (roundworms and hookworms). Neuromuscular block on parasite, paralyzes and passed in feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Distemper, Canine adenovirus-2, canine parvovirus, Leptospirosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Imidacloprid, acts on nervous system of fleas to cause paralysis and death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Milbemycin Oxime. Prevents heartworms caused by Dirofilaria immitis by eliminating tissue stage heart worm larvae and adult stage heartworms. Removes roundworms and whip worms |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic opiate that stimulates opiate receptors which blocks the sensation of pain in the brain. |
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Term
| Cow reproduction cycle (including milk) |
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Definition
| gestation (280 days). Milk production 305 with 60 day dry period |
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Term
| rectally palpable structures |
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Definition
| vagina, cervix, body of uterus, horns of uterus, ovaries, small colon, left kidney, aorta, caudal rumen, cecum, bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Feed additive called ionophore. causes a shift in rumen microbial populations favoring the production of propionic acid over the production of acetic and butyric acids which improves glucose synthesis and efficiency of energy metabolism. |
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