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| A case form typically denoting separation, source, instrument, or cause |
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| An alternation of vowels in forms of the same word, as in the principal parts of strong verbs, such as sing-sang-sung |
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| reference to a nonphysical, generalized abstraction like domesticity (cf. concrete meaning) |
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| Any of the diacritical marks: acute, grave, circumflex; also the prominence given to a syllable by stress or intonation; also a manner of pronouncing a dialect, as in Boston accent. |
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| the extent to which an expression is regarded unobjectionable by speakers of a language |
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| A case form typically marking the direct object of a verb. |
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| a word formed from the initial letters of other words (or syllables) pronounced by the normal rules of orthoepy, e.g., AIDS 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome'; also the process of forming such words |
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| A diacritic (') used in spelling words in some languages (as in Spanish que) and to indicate primary stress (as in opera) |
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| a major part of spech tat denotes qualities and modifies or describes nouns. |
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| an early instance of a sound change in progress |
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| a major part of speech that modifies sentences, verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. |
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| a letter of the alphabet denoting the sound ae |
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| a morpheme added to a base or stem to modify its meaning. |
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| making words by combining an affix with a base or stem |
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| a stop sound with a fricative release |
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| African-American English or Black English |
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| The ethnic dialect associated with Americans of African descent |
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| a family of languages whose main branches are Hamitic and Semitic |
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| a language with complex but usually regular derivational forms |
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| a variant pronunciation of a morpheme, as the -s plural morpheme is pronounced [s] [z] or [upsidedown e z] |
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| alphabet, adj. alphabetic |
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| a writing system in which each unit, or letter, ideally represents a single sound. |
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| a word formed from the initial letters of other words (or syllables) pronounced with the names of the letters of the alphabet, e.g., VP 'vice president.' |
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| a language family including Turkist and Mongolian |
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| involving the gum ridge; also a sound made by the tongue's appraoching the gum ridge. |
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| involving the gum ridge and the hard palate; also a sound made by the tounge's approaching the gum ridge and hard palate. |
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| an originally compounded word whose form no longer represents its origin, e.g., not from na + wiht "no whit.' |
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| a semantic change improving the associations or a word |
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| The English language as developed in North America. |
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| An expression that originated in or is cahracteristic of America. |
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| comparison with more and most rather than -er and -est |
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| of a language that depends heavily on word order and function words as signals of grammatical structure |
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| a branch of Indo-European languages spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite. |
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| the Mercian and Northumbrian dialects of Old English, sharing certain features. |
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| The subbranch of Western Germanic including English and Frisian |
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| The dialect of Norman French that developed in England. |
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| Old English; also one who spoke it; also pertaining to the Old English period |
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| the exchange of information amoung animals, contrasted with human language |
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| apheresis, adj. apheretic, also apheretic form |
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| the omission of sounds from the beginning of a word, e.g., 'cause from because, also a form produced by such ommision |
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| the omission of an unaccented syllable from the beginning of a word, e.g., lone from alone |
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| the omission of a sound from the end of a word such as a from a(n). |
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| unmotivated, having no similarity with the referent (cf. conventional). |
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| a language like Esperanto invented especially for a paticular use, e.g., international |
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| the diagraph ae used in Old English and so alled after the runic letter aesc, representing the same sound |
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| any of the words whose historical [ae] vowel has been changed to [a] in British and [a] in eastern New England speech. |
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| American Sign Laguage for the deaf, also called Ameslan, one of several such systems, another being BSL (British Sign Language.) |
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| aspiration, adj. aspirated |
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| a puff of breath accompanying a speech sound. |
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| the process by which two sounds become more alike, e.g., -ed pronounced [t] after voiceless sounds but [d] after voiced sounds. |
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| an Old English noun declension, which originally had the vowela before its inflectional endings, from which came Modern English genitive 's and plural s |
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| an Indo-European verb stem formed without a thematic vowel |
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| Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian |
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| a family of languages, including Malay and Polynesian, spoken from Madagascar to the Pacific islands. |
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| a word made by omitting from a longer word that is thought to be an affix or other morpheme, e.g., burgle from burglar; also the process by which such words are made |
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| a vowel made with the highest part of the tongue in the back of the mouth. |
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| an east-European branch of Indo-European, grouped together with the Slavic languages as Balto-Slavic |
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| a branch of Indo-European including the Slavic and Baltic languages. bar a diacritic used in writing polis as in ( ) |
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| a morpheme, either free or bound, to which other morphemes can be added to form words, e.g., base in basic or cur in recur. |
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| involving both upper and lower lips; also a sound made with both lips, e.g., [p,b m]. |
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| blending, also blend or portmanteau word |
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| making words by combining two or more existing expressions and shortening at least one of them; also a word o made, e.g., brunch from brakfast and lunch |
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| borrow, also borrowing or loanword |
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| to make a word by imitating a foreign word; also a word so made such as tortilla from mexican spanish |
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| a morpheme used only as a part of a word, rather than alone, e.g., mit in remit |
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| a method of writing in which lines are alternately read left to right and vice versa in successive lines |
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| an expression that originated in britain after american independence or is cahracteristic of britain |
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| the English langage as developed in Great Britain after American Independence |
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| phonetic transcription with little detail, showing primarily phonemic distinctions |
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| the inflectional form of a noun, pronoun, or asjective that shows the word's relationship to the verb or to other nouns of its clause, as them in the objective case of they |
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