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A Concise Introduction to Logic Terms 1.1-1.4
PHIL 120
16
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
09/14/2010

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Term
Logic
Definition
The organized body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments.
Term
Argument
Definition
A group of statements one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion).
Term
Statement
Definition
A sentence that is either true or false.
Term
Premise
Definition
A statement in an argument that sets forth evidence or reasons
Term
Conclusion
Definition

The statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply.

Term
conclusion indicator
Definition
A word that provides a clue in identifying the conclusion.
Term
premise indicator
Definition

  A word that provides a clue in identifying the premises.

Term
inference
Definition
The reasoning process used to produce an argument.
Term
proposition
Definition
The information content of a statement
Term
truth value
Definition
The attribute by which a statement is either true or false
Term
argument from example
Definition

An argument that purports to prove something by giving one or more examples of it.

Term
conditional statement
Definition
An "if ... then ..." statement
Term
antecedent
Definition

The component of a conditional statement that immediately follows the word "if."

Term
consequent
Definition
The component of a conditional statement that immediately follows the word "then"; the component of a conditional statement that is not the antecedent
Term
sufficient condition
Definition

The condition represented by the antecedent of a conditional statement

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