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A Ch. 14
Evolution History and Process of Evolution
20
Biology
10th Grade
04/23/2009

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Term
Evolution
Definition
generation-to-generation change in the proportion of different inherited genes in a population that accounts for all of the changes that have transformed life over an immense time
Term
Adaptation
Definition
inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Term
Descent with modification
Definition
process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life
Term
Natural selection
Definition
process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
Term
Fossil
Definition
preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past
Term
Fossil record
Definition
chronological collections of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers
Term
Extinct
Definition
no longer existing as a living species on Earth
Term
Homologous structure
Definition
similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor
Term
Vestigial structure
Definition
remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
Term
Population
Definition
group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time
Term
Variation
Definition
difference among members of a species
Term
Artificial selection
Definition
selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits
Term
Natural selection
Definition
process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals
Term
Gene pool
Definition
all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population
Term
Microevolution
Definition
evolution on the smallest scale - a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population
Term
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Definition
condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time
Term
Genetic drift
Definition
change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
Term
Gene flow
Definition
exchange of genes between populations
Term
Fitness
Definition
contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria
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