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| a social position that aperson attains largely through his or her efforts |
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| the most technologically advanced form of preindsutrial society. members engage primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow |
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| a condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society. |
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| a social position assigned to a person by society with out regard for the person's unque talents or characteristics |
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| a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency |
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| the process by which a group, organization , or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic |
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| an approach to the study of formal organizations that views workers as being motivated almost entirely by economic rewards |
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| temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal |
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| a group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficency |
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| a close knit community often found in rural areas, in which strong personal bonds unite members |
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| a community often urban that is large and impersonal with little commitment to the group of consensus on values |
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| overzealous conformity to official regulations of a bureaucracy |
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| any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis |
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| a preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods. |
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| an approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization |
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| hunting and gathering society |
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Definition
| a preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to survive |
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| a construct or model for evaluating specific cases |
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| a society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services |
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| any group or category to which people feel they belong |
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| a principle of oranizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few individuals |
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| organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer |
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| a status that dominates others and therby determines a persons general position in society |
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| a collective consiciousness that emphazies group solidarity, characteristic of societies with minimal division of labor |
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| a collective consciousness that rest on mutual interdependence, characteristic of societies with a complex division of labor |
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| a group or category to which people fell they do not belong |
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| a principle of organizational life according to which every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence |
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| a society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information |
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| a techonlogically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images |
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| a small group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation |
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| any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their behavior |
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| the situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person |
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| the proces of disengagement from a role that is central to ones self identity in order to establish a new role and identity |
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| the difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations |
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| scientific management approace |
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Definition
| another name for the classical theory of formal organizations |
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Definition
| a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding |
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| an organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs |
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| the ways in which people respond to one another |
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| a series of social realtionships that links a person directly to others and through them indirectly to still more people |
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| a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status |
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| the way in which a society is ogranized into predicatable relationships |
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| long term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity innovation adn selecection |
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| a term used by sociologist to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society |
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| information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires. |
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| the tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. |
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