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| a cooperative activity of developing and advancing arguments an responding d of to the arguments of others |
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| a claim advanced with a reason or reasons in its support |
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| The people for whom we develop our argument |
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| Public discussion of those issues that potentially effect everyone |
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| A society comprised of groups who see the world from different perspectives, value different activities, hold disparate religious beliefs, and aspire to different goals |
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| deeply held moral commitments acquired from family, cultural background, religious training, and personal experiance. |
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| an agreement to engage in the cooperative process of argumentation rather than to resolve disagreement by other means. |
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| The rules of guidelines according to which argumentation will take place. |
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| a statement the advocate believes or is in the process of evaluating. |
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| A statement advanced for the purpose of establishing a claim. |
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| A conclusion drawn on the basis of reasons |
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| A claim reached by a process of reasoning |
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Words like : "because","therefore"
provide clues about the reasons and conclusions in an argument. |
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| the relationship among the reasons and the conclusions in an argument |
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| often suggest the participant is aware of a possible counter argument |
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| indicates a parallel between statements |
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| intro. to new line of argument |
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| a reason rooted in observation |
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| reasons (beliefs, values, assumptions, or generalizations) that link evidence to a conclusion |
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| statements that report, describe, predict, or make casual claims. |
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| making claims about the future |
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| statements that advance judgments about morality beauty, merit or wisdom |
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| the standards on which a value judgment is based |
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| statements that urge that an action be taken or discounted |
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arguments that lead to necessary conclusions when their reasons are true.
i.e. If the premises are all true, the conclusion must be true. |
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| reasons in a deductive argument |
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| a conclusion to which the premises (when accepted true) unavoidably lead. |
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| arguments whose reasons lead to probable conclusions |
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| a conclusion that can be shown to be more or less likely, but (unlike deductive) not necessary |
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| a process by which the conclusion of an argument moves beyond its stated evidence |
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| identifying and marking the statements in an argument |
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| any portion of an argument that supplies a portion of its inference or meaning(key point) |
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| re-arranging an argument (into step form) |
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| mapping the arguement using only letters, assigned during the scanning and drawing lines from the reasons to the conclusion |
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| reasons which must work together to support a conclusion |
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| a repeated phrase or term that links statements to one or another. |
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| conclusion used as a reason |
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| personal qualities that assist us in making ethically good choices, both as advocates and as audience members. |
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| variety of moral and ethical perspectives present in contemporary societies. |
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Perspectives that rely on the essential values of a political system for their criteria of ethical assessment
ex: something that inhibits our political rights is unethical. |
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| Human nature perspectives |
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views that develop around one or more essential quality in human nature
ex: actions which prevent us from taking part in something (like argument) that is part of our human nature, is unethical |
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| efforts to preserve the two-sidedness of public discourse. |
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| perspectives that identify ethical considerations inherent to each case. |
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| a fidelity to what is the case, a tendency not to willingly mislead, and generally a regard for what is or what we take to be true. |
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| willingness to accept the risks associated with open advocacy of one's position, even when that position is unpopular or dangerous. |
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| willingness to engage in the argumentative process so that a just resolution of the issues can be achieved. |
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| regarding others (opponent as well) as reasonable people |
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| the places, relationships under which arguments are acted out. |
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| willingness to create and preserve space for argumentation to occur, cultivate the relationsjop in which it occurs and allow the argumentative process to continue as long as necessary to ensure reasonable resolution of issues |
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