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9. Accessory Digestive Structures 2
BrownMed
37
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 3
10/09/2010

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Term
salivary glands
Definition
parotid, submaxillary, sublingual. exocrine glands stimulated by aromas and food in mouth. they keep bacteria in check, moisten, amylase=carb digestion, and participate in defense
Term
how do salivary glands participate in defense? (3)
Definition
secrete IgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin
Term
salivary gland structure
Definition
encapsulated, divided into lobules. blood vessels and nerves enter at hila.
Term
serous cells / mucous
Definition
pyramidal in shape, form acinus. / cuboidal, form tubules, produce GPs, surrounded by myoepithelial cells (to squeeze secretions out)
Term
intercalated ducts
Definition
join to form striated ducts >>> main duct > mouth.
Term
parotid
Definition
have no islets of langerhans or centroacinar cells like pancreas, but plenty of striated ducts and serous acini. secretions enter mouth through Stensen's duct. largest, but only 25% saliva.
Term
submandibular
Definition
70% saliva, mixed serous/mucous. serous demilunes.
Term
sublingual
Definition
mucous only, but some serous demilunes. no striated ducts. 5% saliva
Term
pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine:
Definition
endo: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin. exo: digestive enzymes, bicarb
Term
acini of pancreas have apical
Definition
secretory zymogen granules, which are inactive enzyme precursors. when stimulated by CCK, they release these into the intestine. digest nucleic acids, AAs, lipids, and carbs. bicarb-secretin.
Term
liver secretes
Definition
bile, fibrinogen + other clotting factors, albumin (and other blood proteins). also detoxifies (IgA)
Term
liver's dual circulation
Definition
portal triads: hepatic arteriole, portal vein, bile duct. then also central vein (first branch of hepatic vein) which goes to IVC. hepatic arteries and portal veins run together to form sinusoid capillaries.
Term
liver cells
Definition
endodermally derived hepatocytes, which assemble into plates or cords. macrophages = kupffer cells = monocyte-derived. (capable of taking over splenic rbc degradation)
Term
what are the small bile ducts in the liver called?
Definition
bile canaliculi = paracellular pathways created by tight junctions between hepatocytes. they converge to form bile ductules that we see in portal triads.
Term
interlobular vein
Definition
branch of hepatic portal vein
Term
3 surfaces of hepatocytes
Definition
perisinusoidal, bile canalicular, lateral
Term
hepatocytes rich in
Definition
RER, SER (take up FAs to produce VLDL and cholesterol)
Term
golgi apparatus near ___ in hepatocytes
Definition
near bile canalicular surface
Term
bile salts are made from
Definition
cholesterol
Term
hepatocyte = major storage site of
Definition
glycogen
Term
hepatocytes bind ___ causing...
Definition
IgA, causing it to be internalized and released into bile
Term
liver sinusoids empty into
Definition
central veins, which converge on hepatic vein and then to the IVC. discontinuous capillaries!
Term
space of Disse
Definition
space between hepatocytes and capillary endothelium of sinusoids. fingerlike projections (microvilli) into space of Disse for increased surface area.
Term
Ito cells
Definition
cells in space of disse which store fat or fat soluble vitamins
Term
bile acidic or basic?
Definition
acidic
Term
flow in portal triads
Definition
portal (interlobular) vein and hepatic artery IN, bile ductule OUT
Term
3 models of liver lobules
Definition
classic (hexagon), acinar (diamond), portal (triangle)
Term
zones 1,2,3 of acinus (acinar model)
Definition
zone 1 closest to blood supply (hepatic artery and portal vein) and so forth
Term
glisson's capsule
Definition
= CT capsule around liver lobules
Term
the only diverticulum of the gut tube that does not branch
Definition
gall bladder
Term
how can you distinguish gall bladder from intestine?
Definition
gall bladder has muscle in only one direction, not two. also gall bladder has no villi
Term
what are acinar glands made of
Definition
??epithelium??
Term
what are the basal infoldings in striated ducts for?
Definition
increased surface area for excretions to enter ducts
Term
nuclei of serous cells
Definition
round, unlike mucous cells which have basally compressed nuclei
Term
phrenulum lingue
Definition
CT ligament thing under tongue; sublingual salivary glands on either side
Term
hepatopancreatic sphincters
Definition
oddi - on inside of intestine, vater - on outside
Term
bile canaliculi are skinnier than sinusoids. sinusoids have simple squamous, bile have simple columnar.
Definition
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