Term
| What are the different components of rheumatic pancarditis? |
|
Definition
| endocarditis and valvulitis, pericarditis and myocarditis |
|
|
Term
| Which valves are more often affected by heart disease? |
|
Definition
| 85% of valves affected are left heart valves (aortic and mitral), and the remaining 15% is right heart valves (pulmonic and tricuspid) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major complications of rheumatic valvulitis? |
|
Definition
| cardiac failure and infectious endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| A vegetation on a valve leaflet that embolizes can lead to what complications? |
|
Definition
| infarct, abscess and sepsis |
|
|
Term
| What are the major causes of calcific aortic stenosis? |
|
Definition
| 1) rheumatic 2)bicuspid valve 3)calcification of aging |
|
|
Term
| What is mitral valve prolapse? |
|
Definition
| interchordal ballooning (hooding) of mitral valve leaflets, i.e. when one or both "floppy" enlarged leaflets prolapse into left atrium during systole |
|
|
Term
| What are complications of valvular abnormalities? |
|
Definition
| infection, obstruction, thromboembolism, insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of cardiomyopathies? |
|
Definition
| dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive |
|
|
Term
| What type of inflammation is associated with giant cell/temporal arteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two large-vessel vasculitides? |
|
Definition
| giant cell/temporal, and takayasu |
|
|
Term
| Which vasculitis is associated with polymyalgia rheumatica? |
|
Definition
| giant cell/temporal arteritis |
|
|
Term
| What age group is associated with temporal arteritis? |
|
Definition
| patients older than age 50 |
|
|
Term
| What type of inflammation is associated with Takayasu arteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age group is associated with takayasu arteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 types of medium vessel vasculitises? |
|
Definition
| polyarteritis nodosa and kawasaki disease |
|
|
Term
| What type of inflammation is associated with polyarteritis nodosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vessels are typically affected by polyarteritis nodosa? |
|
Definition
| involving the renal arteries but sparing pulmonary vessels |
|
|
Term
| Which vasculitis is most associated with children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What syndrome is associated with Kawasaki disease? |
|
Definition
| mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (pharyngitis, enlarged LNs, fever, rash, swelling of hands and feet) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the coronary arteries in kawasaki's disease? |
|
Definition
| coronary arteries can be involved with aneurysm formation and/or thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Name three small vessel vasculitises. |
|
Definition
| wegener granulomatosis, churg-strauss syndrome, and microscopic polyangitis |
|
|
Term
| Describe Wegener granulomatosis? |
|
Definition
| granulomatous inflammation involving the respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis affecting small vessels, including glomerular vessels. associated with PR3-ANCA |
|
|
Term
| Describe Churg-Strauss syndrome. |
|
Definition
| eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation involving the respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis affecting small vessels. Associated with asthma and blood eosinophilia. associated with MPO-ANCAs |
|
|
Term
| Describe microscopic polyangitis. |
|
Definition
| necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis with few or no immune deposits; necrotizing arteritis of small and medium-sized arteries can occur. Necrotizing glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis are common. Associated with MPO-ANCAs |
|
|
Term
| Name a vasculitis that affects medium sized vessels and is immune complex mediated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a vasculitis that affects medium sized vessels and is affected by anti-endothelial cell antibodies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some small vessel vasculitises that are immune complex mediated. |
|
Definition
| SLE, Henoch Schonlein pupura (IgA), Cryoglobulin, goodpasture disease |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common arteritis in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arteries are commonly affected by temporal arteritis? |
|
Definition
| temporal, opthalmic and aorta |
|
|
Term
| What vasculitis typically presents in a forty year old female patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the typical patient with Buergers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of patients with Kawasakis dies due to rupture of coronary artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about Buerger's vasculitis? |
|
Definition
| affects both arteries and veins |
|
|
Term
| What type of inflammation is associated with Buergers vasculitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the vessels affected by Buergers typically located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vasculitis can present as weak or absent pulses from the upper extremeties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arteries are affected in takayasu arteritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrinoid necrosis is the hallmark of which type of necrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do syphilitic or luetic aneurysms usually occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the disease process of a syphilitic aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| medial destruction in tertiary syphilis following endarteritis obliterans |
|
|
Term
| Name a complication of syphilitic aneurysm that affects the heart. |
|
Definition
| involvement of aortic valve ring may lead to valvular insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| Which type of aneurysm is associated with wrinkling/"tree barking"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are artherosclerotic aneurysms usually located? |
|
Definition
| abdominal aorta or common iliac arteries; less often descending thoracic aorta |
|
|
Term
| What is the disease process of artherosclerotic aneurysms? |
|
Definition
| severe artherosclerosis with consequent thinning and destruction of media |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical pathogenesis of a dissecting aortic hematoma in a Marfan's patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intimal tears are found in ____% of dissecting hematomas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of dissecting hematomas? |
|
Definition
type A- ascending aorta involved
type B-ascending aorta not involved |
|
|
Term
| How do many patients with aortic dissection die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do berry aneurysms occur? |
|
Definition
| at birfurcation of cerebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of berry aneurysms? |
|
Definition
| develop because of a discontinuity in smooth muscle of media at carina of arterial bifurcation |
|
|
Term
| What is a dangerous sequelae of a berry aneurysm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mycotic aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| infectious arteritis with direct invasion by infectious agents-usually bacteria and fungi. Weakening of arterial wall secondary to inflammation |
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