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8/15 Flow of Genetics
Avram1 Theme1
15
Biology
Graduate
08/20/2011

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Term
Types of Biological Information?
Definition
Genetic and Functional
Term
Genetic information
Definition
Encoded by DNA, serves as storage
Term
Functional Information
Definition
Carried within proteins
Term
Role of DNA in Information Flow
Definition
Encodes and Stores
Term
Role of RNA in Information Flow
Definition
Transfers/Decodes and Amplifies information from DNA to proteins
mRNA; carries information encoded in codons
tRNA; deciphers the code and delivers the specified amino acid
rRNA; associates with proteins to form ribosomes for protein synthesis
Term
Role of Proteins in Information Flow
Definition
Carry functional information
Term
Common features of Nucleic acids and Proteins (5 things in particular)
Definition
1) Unbranched Polymers
2) Made of monomeric units
3) Monomers added one at a time
4) Have starting and end points; Amino and Carboxyl for Proteins and 5'and 3' for Nucleic acids
5) Primary synthetic product is often modified
Term
DNA's functional unit, monomer and informational subunit
Definition
Gene, Deoxyribonucleotide, Nucleotide
Term
RNA's functional unit, monomer and informational subunit
Definition
Messenger RNA
Ribonucleotide
Codon
Term
Polypeptide's functional unity, monomer and informational subunit?
Definition
Protein
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Term
Genetic Code (6 things)
Definition
1) rules that translate RNA bases to amino acid sequence
2) Is universal
3) Is read in consecutive groups of 3
4) Is degenerate
5) Codons that encode the same amino acid differ only in last base
6) Reading frame specified by start sequence
Term
How does tRNA find its corresponding AA?
Definition
One of 20 different synthases called Aminoacyl-tRNA synthases covalently couple the appropriate amino acid and tRNA
Term
Ribosome
Definition
1) Decodes RNA message
2) Consists of 50 different proteins
3) Millions of ribosomes in eukaryotes
Term
Ribosomal structure and function
Definition
1) Incoming aminoacyl-tRNA binds to A site
2) A peptide bond forms between the new A-site amino acid and the P-site amino acid
2) The bond between the tRNA in the p-site and it's amino acid breaks and a new bond forms between the p-site amino acid and the amino acid at the a-site
3) The large subunit slides so that the empty p-site TNA is moved to the E or exit site and the previously a-site aminoacly-TRNA is move to the Psite.
4) During this the small subunit which is bound to the MRNA does not move
Term
Human Genome (4 things)
Definition
1) Few genes; about 28% transcribed and only 1.1-1.4% make proteins
2) Large chunks of parstic/junk DNA
3) large average gene size; 27k nucleotide pairs, large introns
4) large regulatory regions
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