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| compound that contains the reduced element |
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| is the compound with contains the oxidized element |
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| The oxidation numbers combined equal the over all oxidation number |
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| Are derived from group number |
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| Dynamic and reversible. forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is attained |
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| Decreases the rate of reaction |
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| Increases reaction rate by lowering the activation energy; but the catalyst is not part of the product. ex: enzyme |
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| opportunity and energy for reactions to occur: most are unsuccessful |
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| Minimum amount of energy required for a successful collision |
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| Only affects gases. More molecules of gas )look at coefficients) produce more pressure, the more pressure on the system, the more collisions |
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| A speed at which reaction takes place, reaction rates directly related to increases in temperature, surface area and concentration |
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| Insulated device used to measure the heat transfer in the chemical process, the temperature changed a precise amount of water surrounding the system is measured |
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| it is the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of substance by 1 degree |
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| The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the sample by 1 degree |
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| The quantity of heat needed to raise the tmp of 1g of water 1 degree |
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| heat flow into and out of a system |
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| a reaction will proceed without any outside inebriation, a reaction will proceed by itself (fast or slow) |
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| In chemical bonds. bonds are broken to release energy. |
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| releases heat, endothermic: heat is absorbed |
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| energy involved in chemical reaction |
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| technique used to determine an unknown pH of an acid or base with a known concentration on an acid or base. |
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| It begins with hdyro- root of nonmetal and ends in ic. |
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| contain a dissociated hydroxide, slittpery, bitter, does not react with metals, turn red litmus paper blue, pH greater than 7, turns pink with phenolphthalein. |
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| contains a dissociated hydrogen, react with metals, have a pH below 7, turns blue litmus paper red, and don't react with phenolphthalein |
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| depends on number of dissolved particles |
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| moles of solute divided by liters of solution |
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| agitation, inc temp, and inc. surface area |
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| solution which do not conduct electricity |
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| solutions which conducts electricity |
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| when dissolution and crystallization are in equilibrium. No mote solute will dissolve, unsaturated: more solute can be added, Supersaturated: amount of solute exceeds the limit. |
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| forces are broken in ionic substances and attracted by ends of water |
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| small amount of solute to solvent |
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| liquid not soluble in another liquid |
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| liquid dissolved in a liquid |
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| vapor pressure of a substance |
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| directly related to its temp |
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| pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase |
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| direct relationship between press and temp |
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| indirect relationship between press and vol |
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| direct relationship between volume and temperature |
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