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| leaf-like structure on the giant kelp plant |
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| part of the kelp plant above the holdfast |
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| stem-like structure on the giant kelp |
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| air bladder (contains nitrogen, oxygen, & carbon monoxide gases). The air bladder is what provides most of the buoyancy for the kelp plant. There are so many fronds that without air bladders the giant kelp plant would not float up in the water. |
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| root-like structure of the giant kelp |
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| finger-like projections that help the holdfast attach to a rock |
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| tiny microscopic cells that are released from sporophyll blades close to the bottom of the kelp frond. These cells are fertilized & become baby kelp plants. |
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| special blades on the bottom of the kelp above the holdfast that produce spores |
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| movement of ocean water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface that carry nutrients to shallower water |
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| chemicals contained in decomposing bottom material that enrich the water at shallower depths through upwelling |
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process by which plants take in sunlight and carbon dioxide and produce sugars and oxygen
CO2 + H20 + sunlight => C6H12O6 + O2 |
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| the movement of photosynthesis nutrients to parts of the kelp plant that are shaded. This allows the kelp plant to continue growing even when it is nighttime. |
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| Latin name for giant kelp |
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| • growth rate of giant kelp |
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Definition
| 12 to 18 inches a day during summer & fall |
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| phylum name for brown algae. Macrocystis Pyrifera (giant kelp) is a type of brown algae. |
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| kelp that has been torn off its holdfast and is drifting at the surface. Under the right conditions, drift kelp can reattach itself to the ocean substrate. |
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| the tip (or end) of the kelp blade |
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| naturalist who was a passenger aboard the sailing ship Beagle. He wrote "On the Origin of Species" and is the founder of the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin, even back in 1890, knew that kelp forests were habitats that were as rich and diverse as terrestial forests. |
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| slows down water movement, provides shade, provides anchors for other organisms to attach themselves to, provides food, provides spaces between kelp fronds |
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| a diagram showing producers and consumers, preditors and prey in an ecosystem. In other words it shows the various 'who eats who' combinations. A food web may contain multiple food chains. |
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| the result of too many sea urchins in an area that formerly contained a kelp forest. So, too many sea urchins => no more kelp forest (the sea urchins consume the kelp fronds & eat away at the holdfast) |
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| molluscs (soft-bodied creatures) that have a single exterior shell (sea snails, conchs, welks, cone shells). Some gastropods do NOT have an external shell! (Examples: octopus, cuttlefish, nudibranchs, sea hare) |
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| an animal that eats other animals |
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| an animal that is a hunter and seeks out and eats other animals |
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| an animal that becomes food for another animal |
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| animals that have a warty appearance, move through the use of tube feet, and have their mouths on the underside of their bodies. (examples: sea urchin, sea star, feather star, sea cucumber) |
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| soft-bodied animals that have an external shell (although sea hares, cuttlefish, and octopus are also molluscs but do not have shells) |
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| the top of the kelp forest where blades rest on the surface of the water |
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| the middle section of the kelp forest between the holdfast and the canopy |
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| • 4 habitats in a kelp forest |
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Definition
| canopy, mid-story, holdfast, and ocean floor |
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Definition
| Isopods, sea stars, sea urchins, bryozona, wrasses, bridled leatherjacket, butterfly perch, weedy sea dragon |
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| • list 5 MID-STORY species |
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Definition
| octopus, cuttlefish, seahorses, fish, jellyfish, crustaceans, fish larvae, nudibranchs |
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| • list 5 HOLDFAST species |
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| isopods, amphipods, crabs, sea urchins, polychaetes (worms), eels, hydroids, bryozoans, molluscs, sponges |
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| • list 5 SEA FLOOR species |
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| sea urchins, sponges, tunicates, anemones, coralline algae, feather stars, sea cucumbers, abalone, blackfish, sea stars, spiny lobster, snapper, striped trumpeter |
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| over grazing, over harvesting, water clarity problems (as with plankton blooms), man-made pollution, storms |
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| usually a plant or plant-like structure that can use sunlight along with nutrients to produce sugars and oxygen (In other words, it makes its own food.) |
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| an organism that eats plants or animals |
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| a species important to the balance of an ecosystem -- (example: sea otters in a kelp forest who love to eat sea urchins and thus, keep the population of sea urchins from devouring the kelp fronds) |
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| the process of detritus breaking down, decomposing, or rotting |
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| tiny dirt particles that hover in the water reducing water clarity and thus blocking out sunlight and cutting down on photosynthesis |
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| an explosive growth of phytoplankton (plant plankton). The problem with plankton blooms is that they cut down on water clarity and reduce photosynthesis |
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| a substance extracted from giant kelp that is an emulsifier -- it helps substances flow (as in toothpastes and ice cream) |
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