Term
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Definition
| a microorganism or virus that causes a disease |
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Term
| Name a disease caused by bacteria |
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Definition
| Bubonic plague, Leprosy, Cholera and Tuberculosis |
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Term
| Name a disease caused by fungi |
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Definition
| Ringworm, Thrush and Athlete’s foot |
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Term
| Name a disease caused by protozoa |
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Definition
| Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Sleeping Sickness and Amoebic Dysentery |
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Term
| Name a disease caused by worms |
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Definition
| Schistosomiasis, Elephantiasis and Onchocerciasis |
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Term
| What is the first line of defence in the immune system, and what does it protect? |
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Definition
| the skin = tough, physical barrier against entry of pathogens and physical damage. |
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Term
| What is mucus for as a medium of defence in the body? |
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Definition
| a physical barrier because pathogens and other harmful particles are trapped in it and either swallowed or expelled |
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Term
| What stops the blood flowing out of a wound, how is it useful against pathogens? |
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Definition
| Blood clotting, also keeps out pathogens temporarily until new tissue forms. |
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Term
| What is the difference between erythrocytes and leucocytes |
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Definition
erythro = red blood cells
leuco = white blood cells |
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Term
| What stimulates the clotting factors |
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Definition
| platelets in the bloodstream |
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Term
| What is the function of the enzyme thrombin |
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Definition
| converts the soluble protein fibrinogen into the insoluble fibrin. The fibrin traps more platelets and also blood cells to form a scab. |
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Term
| Second line of defence: what do white blood cells - specialised phagocytes do? |
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Definition
| identify pathogens and ingest them by endocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| when phagocytes squeeze out through pores in the walls of capillaries and move to the site of infection, resulting in the formation of a white liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| a large molecule (protein, glycoprotein, lipoprotein or polysaccharide) on the outer surface of a cell. All living cells have these antigens as part of their cell membrane or cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| bind to an antigen on a particular pathogen. when a B lymphocyte white blood cell identifies an antigen, they clone plasma cells t produce antibodies to destroy the phagocytes, which they then do |
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Term
| The white blood cells that produce antibodies are called: |
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Definition
| B lymphocytes, produce just one type of antibody |
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Term
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Definition
| a plasma cell that remains after an infection came, remain inactive unless the body is infected again to produce antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| helpers in the production of antibodies |
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Term
| What is the effect of HIV on the immune system. |
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Definition
| virus destroys helper T-cells. destroys lymphocytes and antibodies cannot be produced. Without functioning immune system, body is vulnerable to pathogens that would normally be controlled easily |
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Term
| what are antibiotics for? |
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Definition
| to block processes that occur in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells, like bacteria (prokaryotes) |
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Term
| Why can virusses not be treated with antibiotics? |
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Definition
| lack having their own metabolism, so antibiotics cannot stop any processes. |
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