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Section 5: Photosynthesis
6.1 6.5 6.6
30
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2012

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Term
Photosystem
Definition
A light harvesting complex in the chloroplast thylakoid composed of pigments and proteins
Term
Antenna (light harvesting) Complex
Definition
in photosynthesis, a group of different molecules that cooperate to absorb light energy and transfer it to a rxn center
Term

Carbon-Fixation Reactions

(Calvin Cycle

Definition
the phase of photosynthesis in which chemical energy captured in the light rxns is used to drive the reduction of CO2 to form carbohydrates
Term

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate

G3P

Definition
a phosphorylated 3-Carbon sugar; an intermediate in glycolysis and photosynthetic carbon fixation
Term
NADP(H)
Definition
what most of the energy-releasign rxns in the cell produce
Term
B6f Complex
Definition
a structure between photosystems II and I that pumps protons to make a concentration gradient and synthesize ATP
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
any of the several green pigments associated with chloroplasts or with certain bacterial membranes; responsible for trapping light energy for photosynthesis
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
a flattened sac within a chloroplast; contain all the chlorophyll in a plant in addition to the electron carriers of photophosphorylation
*stacks=granum
Term
RuBP
Definition
5-Carbon molecule that is the starting and ending material of the Calvin Cycle; acts as the acceptor molecule during carbon-fixation (CO2+RuBP)
Term
Reaction Center
Definition
a group of electron transfer proteins that recieve energy from light-absorbing pigments and convert it to chemical energy by redox reactions
Term
Light Reactions
Definition
the initial phase of photosynthesis, in which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and reduced electron carrier NADPH
Term
ATP Synthase
Definition
an integral membrane protein that couples the transport of protons with the formation of ATP
Term
Chemiosmosis
Definition
formation of ATP in mitochondria and chloroplasts, resulting from a pumping of protons across a membrane (against a gradient of electrical charge of pH) followed by the return of the protons through a protein channel with ATP synthase activity
Term
Stroma
Definition
the fluid contents of an organelle such as chloroplast or mitochondria
Term
Electron Carrier
Definition
a molecule capable of accepting one (or more than one) electrons from another molecule; used to transport the electrons along the ETC
Term
pigment
Definition
a substance that absorbs visible light
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
a group of protein electron carriers that pass electron from one to another via redox rxns in the thylakoid/inner membrane of chloroplast and mitochondria
Term

3-Phosphoglycerate

(3PG/3-PGA)

Definition
the first stable made molecule in the Calvin Cycle formed from carbon fixation (CO2+RuBP)
Term
Regeneration fo RuBP
Definition
during the Calvin Cycle, the product, 5 G3P molecules, combine with 3 molecules of ATP to make the starting product in order to start the cycle again
Term
Rubisco
Definition
contraction of ribulose biphosphate caboxylase/oxygenase, the enzyme that combines with carbon dioxide or oxygen with ribulose biphosphate to catalyze the first step of photosynthetic carbon fixation or photorespiration, respectively
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
anabolic process by which energy of sunlight is captured and used to convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and O2
*ENDERGONIC
Term
Carbon Fixation Reactions
Definition
don't use light directly, but use ATP and NADPH and CO2 to produce carbohydrates
Term
Photosystem I
Definition
complex that absorbs light at 700 nm passing electrons to ferrodoxin and to NADPH
Term
Photosystem II
Definition
complex that absorbs light at 680 nm, passing electrons to ETC in the chloroplast
Term
Reduction
Definition
gain of one or more electrons by an atom, ion, or molecule
*ALWAYS occurs with oxidation
Term
Oxidation
Definition
loss of one or more electrons
*ALWAYS occurs with reduction
Term
During chemiosmosis, the synthesis of ATP is coupled with which event?
Definition
diffusion of protons
Term
During CO2 fixation of the Calvin Cycle, what does CO2 combine with?
Definition
RuBP
Term
Which molecule is directly responsible for the reduction of 3-PGA to G3P?
Definition
NADPH
Term
In plants, where are glucose and other 6C sugars synthesized?
Definition
cytoplasm
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