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6.05 Radioactivity
types of radioactivity
12
Chemistry
9th Grade
07/16/2019

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Term
nucleus
Definition
The most central part of an atom containing the neutrons and the protons

From the Latin “nucleus” meaning “kernel” or “inner part”
Term
stable nucleus
Definition
Stable means “steady” or “secure”

A stable nucleus is one that does not undergo radioactive decay
Term
unstable nucleus
Definition
Unstable means “prone to change”

An unstable nucleus is likely to undergo radioactive decay to become a stable nucleus
Term
strong nuclear force
Definition
Holds the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus together
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
Transferring of electrons and rearranging of atoms to form new compounds
Term
nuclear reaction
Definition
Radioactive decay of a nucleus to form new atoms and radioactive particles
Term
atom
Definition
Smallest unit of an element

From the Greek “atomos” meaning “indivisible”
Term
compound
Definition
2 or more elements bonded together
Term
alpha decay
Definition
2 protons + 2 neutrons emitted from an unstable nucleus

Large and slow; not very harmful to humans
Term
beta decay
Definition
An electron emitted from an unstable nucleus

Small and fast; moderately harmful to humans
Term
gamma rays
Definition
Energy emitted by an unstable nucleus

Highest energy and frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum; very harmful to humans
Term
background radiation
Definition
Naturally occurring radiation that is always present

Comes from space, the sun, rocks, soil and more

Does NOT come from anything man-made
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