Term
| neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system are called |
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Definition
| cholinergic agonists, or parasympathomimetics |
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Term
| The two types of cholinergic receptors are |
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Definition
muscarinic receptors
nicotinic receptors (neuromuscular) |
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Term
| Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system or use of parasympathomimetic drugs will cause (9 things) |
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Definition
| the pupils to constrict, bronchioles to constrict and bronchial secretions to increase, heart rate to decrease, blood vessels to dilate, peristalsis and gastric secretions to increase, the bladder muscle to contract, and salivary glands to increase salivation. |
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Term
| The major responses of cholinergic agonists are to |
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Definition
| stimulate bladder and gastrointestinal (GI) tone, constrict the pupils of the eyes (miosis), and increase neuromuscular transmission. |
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Term
| direct-acting cholinergic agonists are |
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Definition
| primarily selective to the muscarinic receptors but are nonspecific because the muscarinic receptors are located in the smooth muscle of the GI and genitourinary tracts, glands, and heart. |
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Term
| Mild to severe side effects of most muscarinic agonists include |
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Definition
| hypotension, bradycardia, blurred vision, excessive salivation, increased gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and, in some cases, cardiac dysrhythmias. |
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Term
| Muscarinic agonists are contraindicated for clients with |
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Definition
| intestinal or urinary tract obstruction, severe bradycardia, and for those with active asthma. |
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Term
| indirect-acting cholinergic agonists do not act on receptors; instead they... |
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Definition
| inhibit or inactivate the enzyme cholinesterase, permitting acetylcholine to accumulate at the receptor sites |
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Term
| cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors ( indirect-acting cholinergic agonists) come in 2 types |
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Definition
| reversible and irreversible |
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Term
1. A client is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine). The nurse realizes that the action of this drug is to treat:
a. Glaucoma
b. Urinary retention
c. Delayed gastric emptying
d. Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Definition
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Term
2. The nurse teaches the client receiving atropine to expect which side effect?
a. Diarrhea
b. Bradycardia
c. Blurred vision
d. Frequent urination |
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Definition
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Term
3. When benztropine (Cogentin) is ordered for a client, the nurse acknowledges that this drug is an effective treatment for which condition?
a. Parkinsonism
b. Paralytic ileus
c. Motion sickness
d. Urinary retention |
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Definition
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Term
4. Dicyclomine (Bentyl) is an anticholinergic, which the nurse realizes is given to treat which condition?
a. Mydriasis
b. Constipation
c. Urinary retention
d. Irritable bowel syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
5. The nurse realizes that cholinergic agonists mimic which parasympathetic neurotransmitter?
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. cholinesterase
d. monoamine oxidase |
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Definition
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Term
6. The nurse is administering a cholinergic agonist and should know that the expected cholinergic effects include which of the following?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Decreased peristalsis
c. Decreased salivation
d. Increased pupil constriction |
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Definition
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Term
7. When the client has a cholinergic overdose, the nurse anticipates administration of which drug as the antidote?
a. atropine
b. bethanechol
c. ambenonium
d. metoclopramide |
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Definition
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Term
| CANTS involved with cholinergic drugs |
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Definition
| cant eat,sleep ,pee ,poop , see, breathe |
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Term
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Definition
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Deification
Gastrointestinal upset
Emesis |
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Term
| muscarinic receptors are located in |
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Definition
| the smooth muscle of the GI and genitourinary tracts, glands, and heart. |
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Term
| Many drugs classified as direct-acting cholinergic agonists are primarily selective to what receptors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) as a preoperative medication to decrease salivary secretions; (2) as an antispasmodic drug to treat peptic ulcers, because it relaxes the smooth muscle of the GI tract and decreases peristalsis; and (3) as an agent to increase heart rate when bradycardia is present. |
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Term
| what is an antidote for an overdose of a cholinesterase inhibitor or a muscarinic drug such as bethanechol. |
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Definition
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Term
| why do they use Cholinesterase Inhibitors in patients with alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
| it improves memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease |
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