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5) ch 19 cholinergic
Pharmacology FSCJ
24
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
11/25/2011

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Term
neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings.
Definition
Acetylcholine (ACh
Term
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system are called
Definition
cholinergic agonists, or parasympathomimetics
Term
The two types of cholinergic receptors are
Definition
muscarinic receptors
nicotinic receptors (neuromuscular)
Term
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system or use of parasympathomimetic drugs will cause (9 things)
Definition
the pupils to constrict, bronchioles to constrict and bronchial secretions to increase, heart rate to decrease, blood vessels to dilate, peristalsis and gastric secretions to increase, the bladder muscle to contract, and salivary glands to increase salivation.
Term
The major responses of cholinergic agonists are to
Definition
stimulate bladder and gastrointestinal (GI) tone, constrict the pupils of the eyes (miosis), and increase neuromuscular transmission.
Term
direct-acting cholinergic agonists are
Definition
primarily selective to the muscarinic receptors but are nonspecific because the muscarinic receptors are located in the smooth muscle of the GI and genitourinary tracts, glands, and heart.
Term
Mild to severe side effects of most muscarinic agonists include
Definition
hypotension, bradycardia, blurred vision, excessive salivation, increased gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and, in some cases, cardiac dysrhythmias.
Term
Muscarinic agonists are contraindicated for clients with
Definition
intestinal or urinary tract obstruction, severe bradycardia, and for those with active asthma.
Term
indirect-acting cholinergic agonists do not act on receptors; instead they...
Definition
inhibit or inactivate the enzyme cholinesterase, permitting acetylcholine to accumulate at the receptor sites
Term
cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors ( indirect-acting cholinergic agonists) come in 2 types
Definition
reversible and irreversible
Term
1. A client is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine). The nurse realizes that the action of this drug is to treat:

a. Glaucoma

b. Urinary retention

c. Delayed gastric emptying

d. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Definition
B
Term
2. The nurse teaches the client receiving atropine to expect which side effect?

a. Diarrhea

b. Bradycardia

c. Blurred vision

d. Frequent urination
Definition
C
Term
3. When benztropine (Cogentin) is ordered for a client, the nurse acknowledges that this drug is an effective treatment for which condition?

a. Parkinsonism

b. Paralytic ileus

c. Motion sickness

d. Urinary retention
Definition
A
Term
4. Dicyclomine (Bentyl) is an anticholinergic, which the nurse realizes is given to treat which condition?

a. Mydriasis

b. Constipation

c. Urinary retention

d. Irritable bowel syndrome
Definition
D
Term
5. The nurse realizes that cholinergic agonists mimic which parasympathetic neurotransmitter?

a. dopamine

b. acetylcholine

c. cholinesterase

d. monoamine oxidase
Definition
B
Term
6. The nurse is administering a cholinergic agonist and should know that the expected cholinergic effects include which of the following?

a. Increased heart rate

b. Decreased peristalsis

c. Decreased salivation

d. Increased pupil constriction
Definition
D
Term
7. When the client has a cholinergic overdose, the nurse anticipates administration of which drug as the antidote?

a. atropine

b. bethanechol

c. ambenonium

d. metoclopramide
Definition
A
Term
CANTS involved with cholinergic drugs
Definition
cant eat,sleep ,pee ,poop , see, breathe
Term
SLUDGE
Definition
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Deification
Gastrointestinal upset
Emesis
Term
muscarinic receptors are located in
Definition
the smooth muscle of the GI and genitourinary tracts, glands, and heart.
Term
Many drugs classified as direct-acting cholinergic agonists are primarily selective to what receptors
Definition
muscarinic receptors
Term
Atropine uses:
Definition
1) as a preoperative medication to decrease salivary secretions; (2) as an antispasmodic drug to treat peptic ulcers, because it relaxes the smooth muscle of the GI tract and decreases peristalsis; and (3) as an agent to increase heart rate when bradycardia is present.
Term
what is an antidote for an overdose of a cholinesterase inhibitor or a muscarinic drug such as bethanechol.
Definition
atropine
Term
why do they use Cholinesterase Inhibitors in patients with alzheimer's disease?
Definition
it improves memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
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