Term
| Physical examination of the eye includes |
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Definition
| Observe external structures: eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, iris pupil. --> Visual fields. Visual Acuity. Extra - ocular muscle funtion. Internal structures |
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Term
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Definition
| determine through visual field testing the full horizontal and vertical range of what you are able to see peripherally. |
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Term
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Definition
| The visual acuity test is used to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a standardized chart or card held 14 - 20 feet away. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on an object about 10 ft (3 m) away, although this may be impractical in a small examining room. An interesting object such as a small toy usually holds the child's attention. The examiner covers one eye with a hand-held occluder or cupped hand, while watching the other eye for any movement of fixation. The examiner then removes the cover to see if the first eye has deviated. |
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Term
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Definition
intra ocular pressure increases
-optic nerve is injured
Axons damaged, optic fibers destroyed, rim of optic disc shrinks and the optic
cup becomes deeper and larger.
Sudden unilateral. Asians, aged at greater risk. 48-72 hrs after pain starts damage can be permanent |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly the same as closed except bi-lateral. no acute pain. Risk factors = >35 and being black. |
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Definition
s a disorder in which the eyes do not line up in the same direction when focusing.
Directions: Hypertropia, hypotropia, esotropia, or exotropia |
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Definition
Risk: myopia, >50, family history, eye injuries.
symptoms: flashing lights, sparks, floaters, progresses to vision loss that appears like a curtain falling, painless. DX: ophthalmic exam of retina
TX: Diathermy: heat coagulates tissue
Cryotherapy: cold coagulates tissues
Laser photcoagulation: thermal alteration of proteins in the tissue by the use of light energy of laser
scleral buckling or banding: a device is sewn in place on the sclera to relieve pressure and allow to tear to settle and heal.
TX: put bubble into vitreous. positioning important |
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Term
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Definition
| clouding of lens. DX: snellen vision test. ophthalmoscopic exam of lens. Symptoms: Blurred vision, visual distortion. Photophobia. complaints of glare. No complaints of pain. TX: stronger eyeglasses or contact lenses. Strong lighting. medication to dilate the pupil. no TX prevents cataract formation. |
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Definition
2 types: nonexudative "dry" and exudative "wet" Risks: >50 family Hx. smoking. Caucasian. Test: Amsler grid
TX: laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, zinc supplements, medications, low vision aids and therapy |
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Term
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Definition
defect in epithelial layer of the cornea caused by trauma, foreign bodies, contact lenses, tearing. Sign: pain, photophobia, tearing, loss of vis. acuity, inflammation
DX: flourescein staining, ophthalmoscopic exam
TX: prophylactic topical antibiotics, topical anesthetics, eye patch, pain meds, tetanus booster |
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