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5A Wound care
Laura
59
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
01/06/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

FUNCTION OF SKIN

Definition

 

Protection- Chemicals, UV, Mechanical forces, Water etc.

Homeostasis- Keeps fluid level balanced

Thermoreg. -  Body Temp

Sensory Reception- Pain, pressure, Pain

Vitamin D Production

Processing of Antigenic Substances- Immune status

Cosmetic Appearance

 

Term

 

 

 

Macule

Definition

 

 

 

Skin color change without elevation

Term

 

 

 

Papule

Definition

 

 

 

Lesion elevated less than a centimeter

Term

 

 

Nodule

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Larger than a Papule. Raised solid lesion extending deeper into dermis

Term

 

 

 

 

Older Adult skin changes

Definition

 

 

Dry skin

--Epidermal thinning

-- Loss of elasticity and subcu fat

-- may see "cherry angiomas" -- Caused by very small broken capillaries. Round, small, usually on the trunk.

-- Seborheic keratoses- Black or brown in color. Itchy. Harmless.

-- Hair and nail growth is decreased

-- Loss of pigment causes graying of hair

-- Lentigines liver spots common on forearm and backs of hands . Due to sun exposure. 

 

Term

 

 

Turgor

Tenting means ?

edema +1 = ?

edema +2 = ?

Definition

 

 

dehydration

 

+1  skin indented 2 mm

 

+2  skin indented 4 mm

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Occlusive skin lubricant

 

Definition

 

 

 

prevent water loss due to evaporation and replace oils

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Emollient skin lubrication 

 

Definition

 

 

 

soften and soothe skin, but water loss continues.

 

Term

 

 

 

Vesicle

Definition

 

 

Elevated sharply defined lesion containing serous fluid. usually less than 1cm

Term

 

 

Pustule

Definition

 

 

Elevated lesion less than 1 cm containing purulent material.  

Greater than 1 cm are described as boils, abscess, etc.

Term

 

 

 

These changes make a primary legion a          

 

 

 

Definition

 

scale, crust, scar, lichenification, exoriation, fissure and atrophy

 

form secondary lesions

Term

 

 

 

The dorsal side of the hand is used for               

Definition

 

 

 

Assessing skin temperature

Term

 

 

 

 

White shiny patches in mouth/lip

precancerous

 

Definition

 

 

Leukoplacia

 

Term

 

Skin assessment

 

Best ways to check for color?

Definition

 


    •  Check inside of cheek for pallor.
    • Cyanosis- around mouth, fingertips
    • Jaundice- Look at sclera (whites of eyes)

 

Term


  • Moisture

Definition

 

 

 

Clammy= Moist and cool

Diaphoretic= skin is cool

Term

 

 

 

Long term smokers and Alcoholics might have this kind of skin.

Definition

 

 

Leathery

Term

 

 

Single lesions occuring in close proximity to but separate from a large group of lesions is called a              

Definition

 

Satellite lesion

Term

 

 

how would you describe a localized lesion?

Definition

 

 

 

Limited and clearly defined

Term

 

 

 

how do you instruct a patient about the proper time to apply a topical lotion?

Definition

 

 

Immediately after washing

Term

 

 

How do you perform and read patch testing?

 

Definition

 

 

 

Put a piece of tape with allergens on it. Read it 48 hrs later, 72hrs, 96hrs checking response to allergens. Must not be on anti-histamines or steroids.

 

Term

 

 

What is a scratch test and what precaution must be taken when performing the scratch test?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Scratch skin w/ allergen and watch response. Must have epinephrine available

 

Term

 

 

Pt teaching for Topical Corticosteroids

Definition

 

How when and where to apply ointment

 

Expected side effects

 

Side effects are more likely with Medium to High potency preparations.

Term

 

Limits exposure to dirt, trauma & irratents etc.

 

Helps lesions heal faster (lets epithelium cells migrate across moist surfaces)

 

Enhanced absorption of topical ointments

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

Wound dressing

Term

 

 

 

       A patient is prescribed UV therapy. What information needs to be collected before treatment can start?

Definition

 

  • Complete med history
  • Previous herpes simplex infections can be stimulated by UVL
  • + hx of skin cancer. High risk.

Term

 

 

 

Temporarily suppresses mitosis of the basal cell layer by inhibiting DNA mitosis

Definition

 

 

UV Therapy

Term

 

 

 

Benefits of wet wrap/soaks/medicated baths

Definition

Moisture soften dry epidermis & aids in removing cellular debris. This increases healing and increases absorption of med.

--Risk of infection lowered by removal of debris

--Soak/bathe 15-20 min in warm tap h2o. ad Rx to H2O if if occlusive ordered, apply immediately after soak/bath otherwise, evaporation will occur

Term

Cryotherapy

 

Electrodesiccation & curettage

 

Laser excision

 

Punch or excisionsl Biops

Definition

 

Are all Medical/Surgical management of Skin Lesions

--Crytherapy=freezing Lesion w/ liquid Nitrogen.

--Electrodesiccation - Mechanical and heat disruption of cells

Laser Excision - Light energy to vaporize Lesion

Term

 

 

              that grow, change color, to black, bleed, or become irritated

Definition

 

 

Moles

Term

usually irregularly shaped, flat, slightly red macule or papule with indistinct borders and overlying hard scale. caused by sun exposure

Definition

 

 

Actinic keratosis

Term

Change in Color - red, white, blue, sudden darkening, mottled

Chang in diameter - especially sudden increase

Change in outline - especially development of irregular margins

Change in surface characteristics - such as scaliness, erosion, bleeding, ulceration, et

 

ALL THESE ARE WHAT?

Definition

 

 

 

DANGER SIGNALS SUGGESTIVE OF MALIGNANCY

Term

 

a Pt has come in about a "freckle" on her arm.  It has recently started itching, it's more bumpy than it used to be and the border has become irregular.  What do these symptoms suggest?

Definition

 

 

These are all suggestive of malignancy

Term

Cause - sun, scars, radiation, or genetic predisposition

 

S&S - usually nodular lesions: papule; well defined border; pearl texture, but may be flat.

      - painless, slow growing

 

Tx - Local excision.  Recurrence possible.  Almost never metastasizes, but can invade through tissue

Definition

 

 

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Term

Cause - sun exposure

 

S&S

- Poorly marginated; edge often blends in surrounding skin; appearance varies

- rarely in dark skinned people

-grows more rapidly than basal cell

-May infiltrate and metastasize


TX- Surgical excision

Definition

 

 

 

Squamous cell carcinoma

Term

Cause - Sun exposure

S&S - Change in skin lesion observed over a period of months

- usually: shade of brown, black or blue in one lesion, irregular raised surface, irregular perimeter, ulceration of surface and crusting

TX - wide excision

 

Definition

 

 

Malignant melinoma

Term

 

 

Cherry Angioma

Definition

 

 

 

very small broken capillaries. Round, small, usually on the trunk.

Term

 

 

Lentigines

Definition

 

 

Liver spots - Common on forearm and back of hands due to sun exposure

Term

 

 

Amelenotic

Definition

 

 

Without melanin

Term

 

 

Atopic Dermatitis

Definition

S&S - Red, oozing, crusting rash often appears in infancy.  Gradually becomes more thick and dry.  /BrownGrey, scaled

 

Treatment=Hydration of skin, avoid allergens

Term

 

 

Stasis Dermatitis

Definition

~Venous insufficiency hypoxia

S&S - Itching Brown/stained skin.  Open Shallow lesions

Tx - Promote Venous return (elevate legs, pressure hose) etc.

Term

 

 

 

Contact Dermatitis

Definition

Inflammatory Response to allergens

S&S: Itching, redness, vesicles, edema

Tx: Determine causing agent.  Cool compress for edema, no itching. 

Term

 

 

Lyme Disease

Definition

Caused by tick bite.  

S&S: symptoms develop over days to months. 1st stage Small red pimple spreads into ring shaped rash.  Rash may be large, small, or absent.  Flue-like symptoms. Second stage:  Joint pain, neurological, cardiac complications.  3rd: Large joints involved (arthritis)

TX: Remove tick, wash bite. Blood test 4-6 weeks. DX confirmation = Antibiotics

Term

Damage to tissues and blood vessels as result of prolonged exposure to cold. 

 

Numbness, paresthesia, pallor. Sever pain, swelling, redness and blistering seen once client in warm environment. necrosis and gangrene may develop

 

Rewarm affected area rapidly and continuously with warm water bath until skin flushing occurs. avoid slow thawing.

Definition

 

 

 

 

Hypothermia

Term

 

Occurs when 2 skin surfaces rub.  Most common cause: urinary incontinence.

 

Friction+heat+moisture = redness, maceration, itching/burning.

 

Dry area and aerate.  Talc powder.  No cornstarch.  Low-potency topical steroids

Definition

 

 

 

Intertrigo

Term

yellow-white or gray-white lesion in mouth-elevated with roughened or leathery surface with clearly defined borders.

 

Tx:  Close monitoring  Precancerous

Definition

 

Leukoplakia

Term

Cause unknown.  (No evidence to certain foods affect acne)  Exacerbations may occur with menstrual cycle. heat, humidity, increased perspiration, increase acne.

 

Comedones, pustules, papules, and nodules.

 

Suppress inflammation. Antimicrobial, Topical antibiotics, Comedolytic agents, Hormone therapy

Definition

 

 

Acne Vulgaris

Term

 

 

 

 

Acne Rosacea

Definition

Stage 1:  Facial redness similar to normal flushing persistent. facial skin dry. may c/o skin burning/tightness.

 

Stage2:  Redness permanent. Sm. red solid papules & pustules may develop.  Skin pores noticeably larger.

 

Stage3:Edema & hyperplasia of affected facial areas. 

 

TX:  Topical ointments. topical antimicrobial. rarely topical steroids

Term

 

 

 

 

Psoriasis

Definition

Cause unknown. Possibly stress, trauma, infection and changes in climate.   Koebner's phenonmenon development of psoriatic lesions at site of injury.

Anxiety and stress often precede flare-ups

Term

 

 

 

Fleeting skin elevation irregularly shaped because of edema

Definition

 

 

 

 

Urticaria/Hives (wheals)

Term

 

 

Varies. Irreg. shaped flat sl. red macule or papule w/ indistinct border & and overlying scale.

 

Caused by sun exposure

Definition

 

 

Senile keratosis

 

Actinic keratosis

Term

Appears as target appearance w/ irregular borders.

 

Supportive Care. NO steroids, no silvadene.

 

Caused by meds like: Tegretol, Dilantin, Fansidar, Bactrim, septra

Definition
Term

 

 

 

Cellulitis

Definition

 

Skin redness or inflammation that increases in size as the infection spreads

Skin sore or rash (macule)

Comes on suddenly

Grows quickly in the first 24 hours

Usually has sharp borders

Tight, glossy, "stretched" appearance of the skinWarmth over the area of redness

Term

 

 

Folliculitis

Definition

 

 


The infection usually appears as small, white-headed pimples around one or more hair follicles

Term

 

 

 

Localized response to minor burn

Definition

 

 

Pink to red. minor edema.  Continued pain can be eased by cooling.

Term

 

 

systemic response to a burn

Definition

       --> Vascular permeability increases  --> 

 

inc. hematocrit -->  inc. viscocity --> 

 

inc peripheral resistance --> lower cardiac output -->

 

Lower IV (intravenous) pressure -->  EDEMA

Term

 

 

 

 

                       is an emergency condition in which severe blood and
fluid loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body

Definition

 

 

 

Hypovolemic Shock

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