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549 Module 5
Dermatology
86
Nursing
Graduate
10/13/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 layers of skin?
Definition
-epidermis
-dermis
-subcutaneous
Term
What occurs in the epidermis?
Definition
-dead skin cells shed
-melanin and keratin formed
Term
What is contained in the dermis?
Definition
-blood vessels
-nerves
-connective tissue
Term
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
Definition
fat storage
Term
What is the function of skin?
Definition
-protection
-temperature control
-perception
-wound repair
-Vitamin D production
-absorption
-secretion
Term
What is secreted by the skin?
Definition
-sweat
-urea
-lactic acid
Term
What characteristics of the lesion are assessed?
Definition
-location
-size
-shape
-color
-discharge
-pruritis
-pain
-progression
Term
What are pertinent CHH/RF hx for skin?
Definition
-sunscreen
-hygiene
-sharing bed
-towels
-environment
Term
If the skin drops down in < 2 sec, dehydration is ___?___%.
Definition
< 5%
Term
What is included in the inspection of the individual lesion?
Definition
-identify primary lesions
-identify secondary changes
-arrangement
-extent
-distribution
-color
Term
What is included in the inspection of the rest of the body?
Definition
-changes in the rest of the skin, nails, scalp, and oral mucosa
-systemic s/s
Term
What are examination techniques?
Definition
-methodically: section by section
-pt undressed, loose fitting gown
-close and far
-magnifying device
-well lighted
Term
primary lesion definition
Definition
initial spontaneous manifestation of an underlying pathologic process
Term
secondary lesion definition
Definition
result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion
Term
What characterizes a macule?
Definition
-flat
-nonpalpable
-circumscribed
- < 1 cm
-red, brown, white, tan
Term
What are examples of macules?
Definition
-freckles
-flat moles
-rubella
-rubeola
Term
What characterizes a papule?
Definition
-elevated
-palpable
-firm
-circumscribed
- < 1cm
-red, pink, brown, tan
Term
What are examples of papules?
Definition
-warts
-drug-related eruptions
-pigmented nevi
Term
What characterizes a plaque?
Definition
-palpable flat lesion
- > 0.5 cm
-elevated or thickened
-well- or ill-defined borders
Term
What characterizes a nodule?
Definition
-enlargement of a papule in 3D
-solid
Term
What characterizes a vesicle?
Definition
-elevated
-circumscribed
-filled with serous fluid
Term
What are examples of vesicles?
Definition
-blisters
-varicella
Term
What characterize pustules?
Definition
-elevated
-filled with purulent fluid
Term
What is an examples of pustules?
Definition
-acne
Term
What characterizes wheal or hives?
Definition
-elevated
-irregular-shaped area
-cutaneous edema
Term
What are examples of wheals or hives?
Definition
-urticaria: numerous wheals
-insect bites
Term
What are characteristics of urticaria?
Definition
-swollen pale red bumps (wheals)
-itching, burning, or stinging
-anywhere on the body
-vary in size
-join together to form plaques
-last for hours to a day
Term
What are characteristics of purpura?
Definition
-bleeding into the skin as petechiae or eccymoses
-doesn't blanch
-diffuse discrete and confluent
-purple
-1-3 mm
-macules
Term
What are characteristics of petechiae?
Definition
-form of purpura
-small
-red, purple, brown
Term
What are characteristics of burrows?
Definition
-tiny gray irregular tracks
-fingers, wrists, armpits, buttocks, penis, feet
Term
What is an example of burrows?
Definition
scabies
Term
What are types of secondary lesions?
Definition
-scales
-crusts
-erosions and ulcers
-fissures
-atrophy
-scars
-excoriation
-lichenification
-telangiectasia
Term
What is scaling or hyperkeratosis?
Definition
increase in dead cells on the surface of the skin (stratum corneum)
Term
What is an example of when desquamation may occur?
Definition
after strep infection
Term
What is an erosion or ulcer?
Definition
-loss of the surface of a lesions
-shallow
-moist or crusted
Term
What is a fissure?
Definition
-thin crack within epidermis or epithelium
-caused by excessive dryness
Term
What causes a hypertrophic scar?
Definition
tension on a healing wound makes the healing area thicker than usual
Term
What are characteristics of keloid?
Definition
-elevated
-irregularly shaped
-progressively enlarging scar beyond boundaries of wound
-rarely on face
-rarely cross midline
Term
What causes keloid?
Definition
excessive collagen formation during healing
Term
What is lichenification?
Definition
thick leathery skin
Term
What are treatments for lichenification?
Definition
-topical steroids
-NSAID
Term
What is telangiectasia?
Definition
fine irregular red line
Term
What causes telangiectasia?
Definition
dilation of underlying capillaries
Term
What are examples of rash distributions?
Definition
-sun exposed
-flexural
-acneform
-acrodermatitis
-pyriasis rosea
-clothing covered
Term
What is flexural distribution?
Definition
-in creases
Term
What are examples of sun exposed distribution?
Definition
-sunburn
-lupus
-viruses
Term
What are examples of flexural distribution?
Definition
-eczema
-atopic dermatitis
-candidiasis
Term
What is acrodermatitis?
Definition
on hands and feet
Term
What is an examples of acrodermatitis?
Definition
desquamation after syphilis
Term
What is pityriasis rosea?
Definition
Christmas tree-shaped
Term
What is an example of pityriasis rosea?
Definition
secondary syphilis
Term
What are examples of clothing covered rash?
Definition
-contact dermatitis: new, unwashed clothes
-folliculitis: heat
Term
What is acneform?
Definition
-neck
-upper back
-face
Term
What is an example of acneform?
Definition
Cushing's syndrome
Term
What is tinea versicolor?
Definition
-yeast
-radially spreading round macules
-hyper- or hypopigmented: pale, pink, or brown
-upper chest, back, arms
-peaks in summer
Term
What is annular organization of lesions?
Definition
circular, ring-shaped
Term
What is herpetiform distribution?
Definition
grouped
Term
What is arciform distribution?
Definition
semicircular, arc-like
Term
What is serpiginous distribution?
Definition
wavy, snakelike
Term
What are examples of annular distribution?
Definition
-tinea corporis
-granuloma annulare
-lupus
-atopic dermatitis
-lupus
-atopic dermatitis
-erythema annulare centrificum
Term
What are examples of linear distribution?
Definition
-epidermal nevi
-lichen striatus
-contact dermatitis
-warts
-ichthyosis
-psoriasis
Term
What are examples of dermatomal distribution?
Definition
-herpes zoster
-vitiligo
-nevus depigmentosus
-Becker's nevus
-cafe au lait spot
-port wine stain
Term
What causes herpes zoster?
Definition
activation of latent varicella zoster virus in ganglia and dorsal nerve roots, which become enflamed
Term
What are ocular complications of herpes zoster?
Definition
-keratitis: inflammation of the cornea
-anterior uveitis: inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
Term
What are examples of serpiginous distribution?
Definition
-psoriasis
-erythema marginatum
-cutaneous larvae migrams
-elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Term
What is guttate distribution?
Definition
drop-like
Term
What is geographic distribution?
Definition
resembles surface feature of a region
Term
What is gyrate distribution?
Definition
form of twisted spiral
Term
What is imbricated distribution?
Definition
overlapping
Term
What is an example of discoid distribution?
Definition
-discoid eczema aka discoid/nummular dermatitis
-mostly lower leg
Term
What is an example of guttate distribution?
Definition
guttate psoriasis:
-salmon pink
-fine scales
Term
What is an example of target distribution?
Definition
erythema multiforme:
-middle circle usually raised
-acute, self-limited
-relatively uncommon
Term
Universal distribution involves ___?___
Definition
the entire skin
Term
What is vegetating distribution?
Definition
fleshy or warty outgrowths
Term
What is desquamation?
Definition
peeling of skin
Term
How is a lesion charted?
Definition
-type
-color
-size
-shape
-border
-location
-distribution
-organization
-consistency
Term
What are risk factors for melanoma?
Definition
-50+ common moles
-red or light hair
-light eyes or skin
-positive family hx
-actinic lentigenes: freckles
-heavy sun exposure
Term
What are the characteristics of malignant melanoma?
Definition
A: asymmetry
B: borders irregular
C: color blue, black, or variegated
D: diameter > 6 mm
E: elevated or enlarged
Term
What features are assessed in the nails?
Definition
-color
-shape
-lesions
Term
What is a cause of yellow nails?
Definition
dermatophyte onychomycosis aka ringworm of the nail, tinea unguium
-fungal infection
-thickened, cloudy
Term
What is a cause of black color on all nails?
Definition
-minocycline
Term
What is a cause of a purple/black nail?
Definition
hematoma (blood clot)
Term
What are features of paronychia?
Definition
-inflammation of nail fold
-acute or chronic
-incised to release pus
-treated with abx
Term
What are features of clubbing?
Definition
-build up of material under proximal nail bed
-loss of normal oblique angle bw nail and cuticle
Term
What is koilonychia? Causes?
Definition
-spoon shaped nails
-iron deficiency anemia, acitretin treatment
Term
What are causes of brittle nails?
Definition
-low zinc
-low iron
-thyroid problems
-aging
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