Shared Flashcard Set

Details

549 Module 1
Problem Oriented Medical Record
98
Nursing
Graduate
08/30/2011

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Cards

Term
What approach is recommended for the start of an interview?
Definition
open-ended
Term
In what part of the history does drug and alcohol use belong?
Definition
personal and social
Term
What tool is useful in assessing alcohol consumption?
Definition
AUDIT
Term
What is an appropriate response to a report of abdominal pain?
Definition
"Can you point to where it hurts?"
Term
Mental illness is included in family history. T/F
Definition
True
Term
How can an NP minimize changes in body position during the exam?
Definition
assess by body region, not system
Term
What are some things to inspect while greeting the patient?
Definition
distress
mobility
posture
build
deformities
dress & grooming
skin
facial expression
alertness
eye contact
sensory: speech,hearing, vision
Term
How can an NP assess a child's musculoskeletal and neurological systems?
Definition
observe at play
Term
When should height and weight be measured?
Definition
after emptying bladder
Term
What body part should be assessed first in a child's exam? What position should he/she be in?
Definition
hands

seated on parent's lap
Term
What are ways to distract a child and reduce his/her anxiety?
Definition
ask about his/her experiences

explain what is going to happen next in the exam
Term
How should instructions be given to a child in the exam?
Definition
polite, simple; not questions asking permission
Term
How might a child crying affect percussion of the abdomen?
Definition
increased tympany bc swallowed air
Term
What is a way to adjust palpation of the abdomen in a ticklish child?
Definition
use part of child's own hand to palpate
Term
In what position should the child be for the abdominal inspection?
Definition
supine on parent's lap
Term
During which parts of the exam might the parent have to hold the child's head still?
Definition
eye (extraocular movements)

ear
Term
What should be saved for the end of the pediatric exam? What are some alternatives?
Definition
tongue blade

"ahh" or panting like a dog
Term
chief complaint (CC)
Definition
a brief statement of the reason why pt is seeking care
Term
history of present illness (HPI)
Definition
an in-depth evaluation of the chief complaint, beginning with the time the pt first noticed the symptom and moving toward the present
Term
past medical history (PMH)
Definition
pt's state of health overall before the present problem
Term
family history (FH)
Definition
the age (or age of death) and health of spouse, children, siblings, parents, and grandparents to identify a pattern of health risk for the pt
Term
personal and social history (SH)
Definition
work, marriage, sexual, and spiritual experiences; use of alcohol, drugs, and TOB
Term
review of systems (ROS)
Definition
section of health history in which the examiner asks about possible complaints for each body system
Term
What are some ethical considerations in pt-NP relationship?
Definition
nonmaleficence
utilitarianism
beneficence
autonomy
fairness and justice
deontologic imperatives
Term
nonmaleficence
Definition
the ethical principle to "do no harm"
Term
utilitarianism
Definition
the ethical principle to do the greatest good for the greatest number (individual vs. community)
Term
beneficence
Definition
ethical principle to "do good"
Term
autonomy
Definition
ethical principle of self-determination
Term
What body systems should be included in the ROS with a CC of fatigue?
Definition
general
skin
chest
cardiovascular
hematologic
diet
endocrine
Term
How should the NP respond to pt seduction?
Definition
courteous, calm, firm, direct
Term
How should the NP respond to pt depression?
Definition
question gently to explore the topic
Term
How should the NP respond to pt anxiety?
Definition
proceed at a calm pace; avoid becoming anxious him/herself
Term
How should the NP respond to pt excessive flattery?
Definition
avoid manipulation
Term
How should the NP respond to pt financial concerns?
Definition
prepare to talk about the issue
Term
What % of pts interviewed have a sexual orientation other than heterosexual?
Definition
10%
Term
Which type of questionnaire concerning drug/alcohol use is advocated, but not clinically validated, for adolescent pts?
Definition
CRAFFT (car, relax, alone, forget, friends, trouble)
Term
What is the best way to question a pt about a sensitive issue?
Definition
direct, firm, to the point
Term
Why should NPs identify and assess their own feelings, such as hostility and prejudice?
Definition
reduce communication barriers
Term
What is the best way to continue the interview after being asked a personal question?
Definition
answer briefly then refocus on the pt
Term
comprehensive health history and physical examination
Definition
record that must include all data, both (+) and (-), that contribute to the assessment
Term
episodic illness visit
Definition
pt seeks care for an acute problem
Term
plan
Definition
a list of interventions based on each problem in the problem list, divided into 3 categories:
-diagnosis
-treatment
-pt education
Term
problem list
Definition
a running log of problem number, date of onset, description of problem, and date the problem was resolved
Term
problem oriented medical record (POMR)
Definition
format for recording health history and physical examination findings by documenting the problem assessment process
Term
How is a family history of a condition documented in the problem list?
Definition
"family history of X; ongoing"
Term
What characteristics should be documented when examining an organ, mass, or lesion?
Definition
location
size
texture/consistency
shape
mobility
tenderness
induration
heat
color
bleeding
discharge
scarring
Term
When should diagnostic studies be considered?
Definition
diagnosis in doubt after history and physical

establish the severity of the condition

rule out conditions included in the early differential diagnosis
Term
What are considerations in selecting a diagnostic study?
Definition
sensitivity

specificity

degree of invasiveness
Term
posttest probablility
Definition
pretest probability x likelihood ratio
Term
What is the Bayesian process?
Definition
using the pretest probability and likelihood ratio to determine the probability that a certain condition exists
Term
pretest probability
Definition
based on evidence from a population with a specific condition, the prevalence of that condition in that population, OR the probability that the pt has that condition on the basis of those findings
Term
likelihood ratio
Definition
probability that a positive test result indicates the disease, and that a negative result indicates the absence of the disease
Term
What does a likelihood ratio above 1.0 mean?
Definition
a positive result is associated with the disease
Term
What does a likelihood ratio less than 1.0 mean?
Definition
a negative result is associated with the absence of the disease
Term
What does a likelihood of approximately 1.0 mean?
Definition
weak evidence to identify pts with or without the disease
Term
What should accompany decision trees, diagnostic rules, and guidelines?
Definition
description of supporting evidence

description of situations in which they should be applied
Term
What 3 questions can be used to screen for domestic violence?
Definition
-Have you been hit, kicked, punched, or otherwise hurt by someone within the past year? (physical violence)
-Do you feel safe in your current relationship? (perception of safety)
-Is there a partner from a previous relationship who is making you feel unsafe now? (perception of safety)
Term
What is the FICA assessment of spirituality?
Definition
-Faith, belief, meaning
-Importance/Influence
-Community
-Address/Action in care
Term
What are components of a complete HPI?
Definition
-chronology of events
-state of health before presenting problem
-description of 1st symptoms
-possible exposures
-description of typical attack (OLDCARTS)
-impact of illness on lifestyle
-immediate reason that prompted seeking care
-appropriate system review
-medications
-complementary, alternative therapies
-review of events
-summary of problems with numbers and titles, in order of importance
Term
What are components of a past medical history (PMH)?
Definition
-general health and strength
-childhood illnesses
-major adult illnesses
-immunizations
-surgery
-disability
-medications
-allergies and reaction type
-transfusions
-recent screening tests
-emotional status
Term
What childhood illnesses should be asked about in a PMH?
Definition
2M-2P-2pox-2fever-D
-measles
-mumps
-pertussis (whooping cough)
-poliomyelitis
-chicken pox
-smallpox
-scarlet fever
-acute rheumatic fever
-diptheria
Term
What major adult illnesses should be asked about in a PMH?
Definition
-TB
-hepatitis
-DM
-MI
-tropical or parasitic dz
-other infections
-non-surgical hospital admissions
Term
What questions about surgeries should be asked in a PMH?
Definition
-dates
-hospital
-diagnosis
-complications
Term
What questions about medications should be asked in a PMH?
Definition
-past
-current
-recent
-dosage
-home remedies
-non-prescription
Term
What questions about allergies should be asked in a PMH?
Definition
-medications
-environmental allergens (including latex)
-foods
Term
What questions about transfusions should be asked in a PMH?
Definition
-reactions and type
-date
-number of units
Term
What screening tests should be asked about in a PMH?
Definition
women:
-Pap smear
-mammogram

men:
-prostate specific antigen (PSA)

all:
-cholesterol
-colonoscopy
Term
What are components of a family history (FH)?
Definition
-3-generation pedigree
-diseases
-age and outcome of illness
-ethnic and racial background
Term
What diseases should be asked about it a family history (FH)?
Definition
-heart disease
-HTN
-CA (multiple, bilateral, more than once, at a young age)
-TB
-CVA
-sickle cell disease
-CF
-epilepsy
-DM
-gout
-kidney disease
-thyroid disease
-asthma
-allergic conditions
-arthritis
-blood diseases
-STIs
-hearing, vision, or other sensory problems
Term
What are components of a Personal and Social History (SH)?
Definition
-personal status
-habits
-self-care
-sexual history
-home conditions
-occupation
-environment
-military record
-religion and culture
-access to care
Term
What is included under "personal status" in SH?
Definition
-birthplace
-where grew up
-home environment as a youth
-education
-position in family
-marital status
-life satisfaction
-hobbies and interests
-sources of stress
Term
What is included under "habits" in SH?
Definition
-nutrition
-sleep
-caffeine
-ETOH
-TOB
-street drugs
Term
What is included under "self-care" in SH?
Definition
-self-exams (breast, testicular)
-home, natural, complementary, alternative remedies
-exercise (quantity and type)
Term
What is included under "sexual history" in SH?
Definition
-concerns about feelings and performance
-frequency
-ability to achieve orgasm
-number and variety of partners
-modes of birth control and/or STI protection
Term
What is included under "home conditions" in SH?
Definition
-housing
-economic condition
-furnishings (carpeting, drapes, etc.)
-pets and their health
Term
What is included under "occupation" in SH?
Definition
-present and usual work
-job changes, duration
-work conditions and hours
-physical or mental strain
-past and present exposures
-protective devices
Term
What is included under "environment" in SH?
Definition
-travel
-exposure to contagious diseases
-residence in tropics
-water and milk supply
Term
What are components of a Review of Systems (ROS)?
Definition
-general constitution
-skin, hair, nails
-head and neck
-lymph nodes
-chest and lungs
-breasts
-heart and blood vessels
-peripheral vasculature
-hematologic
-GI
-diet
-endocrine
-GU
-musculoskeletal
-neurologic
-psychiatric

female:
-menses
-pregnancies

male:
-puberty
-erections
-emissions
-testicular pain
-libido
-infertility
Term
At what age can children be considered dependable reporters of aspects of their health?
Definition
7 yo
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's chief complaint?
Definition
who is reporting the complaint and their relationship to the child
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's HPI?
Definition
degree and character of parent's and child's reaction to the problem
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's PMH?
Definition
-mother's health during pregnancy
-childbirth
-neonatal period
-feeding
-development
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's FH?
Definition
-age of parents at child's birth
-consanguineous parents
-maternal gestational history
-living siblings' statuses
-deceased siblings: date, age, cause of death, dates and durations of pregnancies
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's "personal status" under SH?
Definition
-adjustment to childcare or school
-masturbation
-nail biting
-thumb sucking
-breath holding
-temper tantrums
-pica
-tics
-rituals
-bed wetting
-fecal soiling
-constipation
-playing with fire
-reactions to previous illnesses, injuries, or hospitalizations
-"a day in the life"
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's "family circumstances" under SH?
Definition
-parents' occupations and education
-parents' marital status
-principal caretakers
-who prepares food
-adequacy of clothing
-use of relief or social agencies
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's "home setting" under SH?
Definition
-number of rooms in home
-number of persons in home
-sleep habits and arrangements
-environmental hazards and precautions
Term
What additional information should be included in a child's ROS?
Definition
-skin: eczema, seborrhea, cradle cap
-ears: otitis media (frequency, laterality)
-nose: snoring, mouth breathing, allergic reactions
-teeth: dental care
-GU: bedwetting
Term
What is a way to help an adolescent identify difficult topics?
Definition
box of cards with common topics
Term
What are some common topics/issues for adolescents?
Definition
HEEEAADSS
-Home environment
-Education, employment
-Eating, exercise
-Emotional status/Affect
-Activities
-Ambitions
-Drugs
-Sexuality
-Safety
Term
What is a definition of "frail"?
Definition
needs help in 2+ activities of daily living
Term
What are words/phrases that may not be abbreviated in the medical record?
Definition
-unit
-International Unit
-daily
-every other day
-morphine sulfate
-magnesium sulfate
Term
What are ways to describe the location of findings?
Definition
-topographic and anatomic landmarks
-position on a clock
Term
What are examples of findings that use incremental grading (vary by degrees)?
Definition
-pulse amplitude
-heart murmur intensity
-muscle strength
-deep tendon reflexes
Term
What are the components of the POMR?
Definition
-CHH: comprehensive health history
-PE: physical exam
-problem list
-assessment and plan
-baseline and problem-directed studies
-progress notes
Term
What are some ways to prioritize problems?
Definition
-gravity
-probability/possibility ratio
-likelihood of probabilities in a differential diagnosis
-availability and cost of needed resources
-chronology of appearance
Term
What are the sections of "plan" in a POMR?
Definition
-diagnostics performed or ordered
-therapeutics and referrals with rationale
-patient education
-when to reassess
Term
What is the PAM list?
Definition
Problems, Allergies, Medications

reviewed, reconciled, and updated at each visit
Term
What was Black et al.'s conclusion about the impact of eHealth on health care?
Definition
-gap between postulated and demonstrated benefits
-lack of robust research
-need for future technologies to be measured against specific criteria
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