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| in-depth investigation of a single case |
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| abstract or symbolic tags placed on reality. |
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| third variable introduced to test the relationship between the independent and dependent. |
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| cost to achieve goals, outcomes |
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| Part I Uniform Crime Report offenses, including homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny theft and motor vehicle theft. |
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| number of crimes divided by population, per 100,000 population |
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| measurement of the effects of a program in terms of its specific goals, outcomes, or program criteria. |
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| accuracy in the ability to generalize or infer findings from a study to a larger population. |
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| – experiment conducted in a natural (field) setting |
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| specific events other than the treatment that during the course of a study may be responsible for producing the results |
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| specific statement or prediction regarding the relationship between two variables. |
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| examination of the relationship between outcome and input, activities and results of a program. |
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| studies that involve generalizing findings from a study group to a larger population |
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| agreement of subjects to participate in research after they have been briefed |
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| accuracy within the study itself. |
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| Biases introduced by the interviewer |
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| multiple measurements at time points before and after the treatment. |
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| changes in the measuring instrument during the course of a study that invalidate comparisons. |
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| study involving the collection of data over a period of time |
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| experimental treatments may have opposite effects on different kinds of subjects |
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| collection of accurate facts or data; attempt to address the issue of "what is". |
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| loss of subjects over the course of time |
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| National Incident-Based Reporting System |
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| - the unit-record reporting system used in the redesigned UCR in which each local law enforcement agency reports on each individual crime and arrest. |
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| enumeration of some activity or resource, for example, measuring the need for a particular service in some target area |
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| Statement of no difference between groups being compared or a statement of no relationship in the general population. In other words, any differences observed are due to random error |
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| activities to achieve outcomes; results |
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| basic canon of research; approach to subject matter from an unbiased, ethically neutral or value-free perspective |
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| a type of longitudinal study involving examination of the same select group over time |
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| temporary participation in group activity by researcher for the purpose of observing the group. |
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| study of the causes and consequences of government behavior |
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| Pre-post test experimental design |
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| comparison of randomized experimental and control groups on outcome measures before and after intervention |
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| exploratory test of an instrument on subjects who are similar to the group to be studied. |
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| sample chosen by an equal probability selection method |
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| establishment of relationships between results and project inputs and activities |
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| number of tasks completed per unit of time |
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| Quasi-experimental design |
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| a research design that attempts to approximate a true experiment, but has no random assignment to groups. |
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| random assignment of subjects from a larger population to a study group |
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| atypical or artificial behavior produced by respondent’s awareness of being studied |
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| research concerned with solving or addressing immediate policy problems |
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| acquisition of knowledge for science's sake; acquisition of knowledge that contributes to the scientific development of discipline |
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| - research for the purpose of developing "sensitizing concepts" and verstehen (understanding) rather than quantitative measurement |
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| operationalization and numerical measurement of variables |
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| variables other than X, the independent variable, that may be responsible for the outcome, for example history, maturation and selection bias |
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| re-analysis of data that were gathered for other purposes |
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| involves choosing non-equivalent groups for comparison |
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| tendency of groups selected on the basis of extreme high or low scores to regress, or fall back toward the mean on a second testing. |
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| tendency of survey or interview respondents to move forward and report as having occurred events that actually occurred before the reference period |
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| bias introduced in an experiment as a result of having been part of a pre-test. |
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| test theories, hypotheses |
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| plausible explanation of reality (why and how do things occur) |
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| measurement of a single variable at successive points in time. |
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| Weber’s notion that the purpose of research is to gain qualitative “understanding” of a phenomena from the perspective of the subjects. |
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| complete count of total population |
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| procedure to select a subset of pop. to make inferences regarding the total pop. |
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| How researchers define a concept/detailed |
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| Informed consent, avoid harm, confidentiality, risk vs. benefit |
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| Causality (What's needed) |
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Definition
| correlation, logical time sequence, exclude rival causes |
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