Term
| What is intramuscular administration |
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Definition
a solution, suspension, or emulsion may be injected into a muscle with a needle and a syringe
forms a depot that releases drug over time- avoid high peaks and increase pnt compliance |
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Term
| factors influencing drug form factors of IM admin? |
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Definition
drug and dosage form factors
physiologic factors |
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Term
| what are common sites of IM admin? |
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Definition
| buttocks, lateral thigh, quadriceps |
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Term
| example of drug not fully absorbed after IM or SC injection |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 to 5ml for adults, 0.25ml for infants |
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Term
| where should you avoid for IM inj? |
|
Definition
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Term
| what kind of process is absorption of aqeuous solution for IM, ans how long does it take? |
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Definition
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Term
is vascularity important for IM?
what are the blood flow rate range? |
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Definition
| yes, range= 0.02 to 0.07 ml/min depending on muscle activity |
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Term
three types of muscle for IM
which ones is most rapid, which one is least rapid absorption? |
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Definition
deltoid (rapid)
Vastus Lateralis (intermediate)
Gluteal muscle (least rapid) |
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Term
| What factors contribute to variability in drug absorption? |
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Definition
blood flow rate (exercise, disease)
manner of injection
dispersal |
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Term
| What are the two types of limitations for an IM inj absorption? |
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Definition
PK limited by device
PK limited by perfusion |
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Term
What is subcutaneous administration?
faster or slower than IM or IV? |
|
Definition
Fluid is injected SQ, under the skina in a small volume bolus (<2ml)
usually slower |
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Term
What is Hyperdermoclysis?
example? |
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Definition
Infusion of a LVP fluid at a relatively slow rate for a few days to provide a continuous abundant supply of drug
example is antibiotics for children |
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Term
| Which is safer, hypodermoclysis or IV fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of needle is used for hypodermoclysis? |
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Definition
| 23 to 25 gauge winged butterfly needle |
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Term
| What is the composition of a hypodermoclysis solution? |
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Definition
| one-third normal saline, two-thirds 5% glucose used |
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Term
| what enzyme is used to enhance fluid absorb of hypodermoclysis? |
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Definition
| hyaluronidase: enzyme that temporarily lyses the normal interstitial barrier |
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Term
| How is hyaluronidase given during hypodermoclysis? |
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Definition
| given as a bolus into the infusion site immediately before starting the infusion |
|
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Term
| what is the units of hypodermoclysis given and how has it changed? |
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Definition
it now is 150 or none
before, it was 750usp units/L, then it went to 300, now it is 150 |
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Term
| What are ways to control Ka? |
|
Definition
fastest to slowest
aqueous solution (min to hrs)
aqueous suspension
oil solution
oil in water emulsion
water in oil emulsion
oil suspension (weeks to months)
pellet, implant |
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Term
| the precipitation of a drug from a cosolvent formulation after IM injection can lead to _________ |
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Definition
| Incomplete drug absorption |
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Term
| What is the key to an oil solution? |
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Definition
| to control Ch2o concentration in aqueous fluid at the site of injection. |
|
|
Term
What is the diffusion rate from oil sultion
what was the rate |
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Definition
rate -determining
ko/w=coil/ch20 |
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|
Term
| What is the equation for the drug absorbed/time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
estradiol benzoate- once qw inj IM
Estradiol |
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