Term
|
Definition
| every language deploys word order patterns and function words to express syntactic relations -start with context, then build -every language has these |
|
|
Term
| syntactically configured language |
|
Definition
| basic neutral word order-when nothing is being emphasized contextually or stylistically-can be described in phrase structure -english is one of many -focus on comment- intonation not word order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starting point of communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contextually already known to speaker and listener |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the word or words that report what is new |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can change word order to express different meaning
ex: Russian subject first when subject is topic...verb first when whole situation is new |
|
|
Term
| subject prominent language |
|
Definition
German, English are types-uses special resources to make sure that subject generally comes first
ex: pleonastic "it" in It is raining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heightened info
ex: John is a crook, HE robbed the bank, HE kidnapped the clerk |
|
|
Term
| focus on new or resumed topic |
|
Definition
| intonation, introductory phrases focus on unexpected new info |
|
|
Term
| focus on unexpected new information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use special resources to make sure topic comes first -Chinese is one |
|
|
Term
| Subject Prominent Language |
|
Definition
| Subject comes first -Japanese is one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sentence structure in which you move a constituent either to the left or right -dislocated element is separate from rest of sentence
ex: They went to the store, Mary and Peter |
|
|
