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| You should always approach your horse at his ________________ (part of body) using a soft, calm voice to alert him of your presence. |
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| What are four of the six rules (as listed in the Beginning Horse Management Book) for safe handling of your horse? |
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(1) low and steady; (2) always be prepared;
(3) safety first;
(4) what goes back; (5) usually comes forward; (6) horses are creatures of habit |
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| This color of horse is pure black, they look almost blue in the sunlight and have black eyes, hooves, skin and tail. What horse color is this? |
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| Western Headstall with Bosal and Mecate Reins |
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| Saddleseat (English) Saddle |
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| Dressage (English) Saddle |
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| Hunt Seat (English) Saddle |
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| Shedding Blade/Sweat Scraper |
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| English Bridle with Weymouth curb bit and Bridoon snaffle bit |
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| This color of horse can look black or be much lighter. This color will be especially noticeable around their muzzle or flank. What horse color is this? |
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| This horse color of horse is a mixture of red and yellow, like the color of a loaf of well baked bread, but the color of the horse can range from fairly light to very dark. This color of horse will always have black points including a black mane, tail and legs below the knees and hocks. What horse color is this? |
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Definition
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| This color of horse is a brownish red color or dark red with a brownish-red or dark red mane and tail. Sometimes the tail may be flaxen. This color of horse never has a black mane, tail or legs. What color of horse is this? |
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| A horse this color was born this color and will have pink skin. They do not have dark hairs through their hair coat. They will have brown or hazel colored eyes. What color of horse is this? |
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| This horse has a mixture of white with any other colored hairs. They are often born another color and their hair turns the final color as tehy get older. These horse have dark skin. If dappled this horses will have dark spots on their sides and backs. What color of horse is this? |
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| This horse is a golden yellow, ranging from a bright copper to a light yellow. They have white manes and tails. What color of horse is this? |
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| This color of hores has a fairly even mixture of white and dark hairs throughout their entire body, this color of horse may have bay, chestnut or black hairs mixed in with the white hairs. What color of horse is this? |
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| This horse is a shade of yellow, ranging from a pale yellow to a dirty canvas colors. The colors of tehir manes and tails range from white to black. This color of horse often has a stripe down their back called dorsal stripe. Buckskin and grullo are two types of this color of horse. What color of horse is this? |
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| This color of horse is also a registered "breed" of horse. These horses are spotted with large irregular spots or patches on their bodies. The main colors are black and white or a shade of chestnut and white. This color of horse has two names depending on if it has a lot of quarter horse or thoroughbred in its bloodlines. What are teh names of this color of horse? |
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Definition
| pinto or paint (if it has a lot of quarter horse or thoroughbred in it) |
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Term
| a "unit" used to measure horses. One of these equals 4 inches. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are teh four basic aids in riding? |
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Definition
| hands, seat(weight), legs and voice |
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Term
| What are showmanship classes judged on? |
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Definition
| appearance of teh animal, appearance of the exhibitor and tack, presentation and performance of the horse in the ring. |
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Term
| When leading a horse in the ring where should the exhibitors body be located with respect to the horse and with which hand should the reins or lead be held. |
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Definition
| The exhibitor should lead the horse from teh left side, with the exhibitor's shoulder positioned at teh horse's throatlatch. The reins or lead should be positioned in the right hand with the excess portion neatly in the left hand. |
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| This is teh method used during showmanship which shows where teh rider should stand in relation to the judge's position. The exhibitor should be in the position that is next to the the one the judge is occupying. |
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Definition
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| What are the five essential types of nutrients that all animals, including horses, needs? |
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Definition
| water, energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. |
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Definition
| Roughage can come from pasture and hays. |
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Term
| how much (in percent of the horses body weight) do horses consume each day of dry feed. |
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Definition
| Horses consume roughly 2% of their body weigh in dry feed each day. Thsi equals to 2 lbs of feed per 100 lb horse of hay/pasture/grain. |
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Term
| True or false - it is ok to feed horses moldy hay. |
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Definition
| False, NEVER feed a horse moldy, musty, dusty of decayed hay or grain. |
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Definition
| Characteristics of a breed that distinguish it from other breeds. |
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| What is a breed standard? |
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Definition
| Standard of excellence set up by a breed association for its breed. |
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| Characteristics commonly accepted as ideal for a particular breed. |
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Definition
| Owner of the dam (female) at teh time of service (breeding). |
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Definition
| An animal with draft horse breeding. |
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| What is crossbred animal? |
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Definition
| A horse with purebred parents of different breeds. |
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Definition
| A group of animals within a breed, all of which trace directly to a common ancestor. |
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| A horse that has one purebred parent and one parent of unknown ancestory. These animals are not able to be registered with any breed registry association. |
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Definition
| A horse with eastern or oriental blood, non draft breeding. |
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Definition
| A written record of the ancestry of an animal, it may or may not be used to refer to teh registration certificate. |
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Term
| What is performance registry? |
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Definition
| A record book in which the performance of animals is recorded and preserved. |
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Term
| What is a Purebred Animal? |
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Definition
| An individual horse whose parents are recorded in teh same registry association. |
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Term
| What is a registered animal? |
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Definition
| An individual horse whose parents are recorded and is itself recorded and the registrqtion certificate has been issued. |
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Term
| What is a registration certificate? |
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Definition
| Written record of the ancestry of an animal issued by the registry association. |
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Definition
| A book of record published by breed registry associations for purebred horses, ponies or jacks. |
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Definition
| A horse that is amix of light and drft horse breeding. |
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Term
| A small clearly defined area of white hairs on teh forehead. |
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Definition
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Term
| A marking that is a small patch of white running over the muzzle, often the lips. |
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Definition
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Term
| Marking that is a wide, white strip running down the face to the lips. |
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Definition
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Term
| A face which has white over most of the flat surface of teh face, often extending towards the cheeds; often includes at least one nostril. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by china-eyed, glass eyed or cotton-eyed? |
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Definition
| A horse that has an eye with an iris that is clear and some shade between white and blue. |
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Term
| A leg marking that has a white area covering the coronet band. |
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Definition
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Term
| Leg marking that has white from teh coronet through teh pastern. |
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Definition
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| A leg marking in which white covers from teh coronet band over teh fetlock joint, but not up onto the cannonn bone (not used by all breeds). |
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Definition
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Term
| Leg marking where the white extends from the coronet to no higher than the middle of the cannon bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| a leg marking where the white extends form the coronet band and past the mid point of the cannon. |
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Definition
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Term
| This term always indicates a dark mane and tail and usually is accompanied by black on the lower legs. A horse can have no white leg markings and still have these if the knees/hocks are black. |
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Definition
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Term
| This indicates a mane and a tail that are dirty white or straw colored. It is normally caused by a mixture of darker hairs within white ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Denotes a mane and tail that are white with a few black hairs, giving them a silver cast. |
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Definition
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Term
| A horse having little hair in its tail, this condition is common in the Appaloosa breed. |
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Definition
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Term
| A horse with a heavy, coarse tail. |
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Definition
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| A horse whose tail has been cut straight across at or near the level of the hocks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Darker spots embossed on the goat, common on darker grays, bays and chestnuts. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gray or roan horse having black or dark specks within a lighter, usually white coat color. |
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Definition
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Term
| A sheen that, when light strikes certain shades of dun, chestnut or bay, makes them seem translucent/golden in color. |
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Definition
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Term
| A dark ribbon of color that travels along the backbone from the withers to the tail. the line may be almost any color, though black is most common. |
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Definition
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Term
| Black and white spotting only. |
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Definition
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| Black hairs mixed with yellow hair, giving a dirty canvas look. |
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Definition
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| Any combination of spotted colors except black and white. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spots of solid color on a base coat color. |
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Definition
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Term
| Dark stripes on the legs and/or withers. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the rear foot hits or steps on any part of the front foot, other than the sole. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the rear foot hits or steps on the front sole. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a twisting of the striding legs around the supporting leg, such that the hooves land in a straight line. |
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Definition
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Term
| A short quick, choppy stride. Thsi tends to occur in horses with short, upright pasterns. |
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Definition
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Term
| An inward swing of teh hoof as teh foot moves forward, most commonly in splay footed horses. |
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Definition
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Term
| throwing the front feet outward as teh foot moves forward, most common in pigeon-toed horses. |
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Definition
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Term
| The striking of any part of a supporting leg by a leg in motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal temperature of a horse? |
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Definition
| 100.4 F (range is 99.5-101.5 F) |
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Term
| What is the normal, resting heart rate of a mature horse? |
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Definition
| Between 28 and 40 beats per minute. |
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Term
| What is the noraml respiration rate for a resting horse? |
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Definition
| 8 - 16 breaths per minute. You can check this by wathcing the movement of the horse's flank/abdomen. |
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Term
| What is the normal color and amount of a horse? |
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Definition
| Normal horse urine is yellow to slightly bronish and the horse normally urinates three to four times a day. |
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Term
| How often do horses defecate? |
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Definition
| Horses normally defecate every two hours and normal feces are tan to dark green in colar. Diarrhea can be a serious problem and failure to defecate can mean the horse has impaction colic or severe dehydration. |
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Term
| What is colic and what are some signs of colic? |
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Definition
| Colic is a general term used to describe any sort of abdominal pain due to a digestive disturbance in the horse. Symptoms include an increased heart rate and body temperature, the horse may sweat profusely and may be restless, pawing at teh ground, repeatedly lying down and rising, pacing and will often bite or kick at the flanks. Refusal to eat or drink and failure to defitate or urinate for several hours are other symptoms. |
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| What are some causes of colic? |
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Definition
| over consumption of grain or young, rich pasture; sudden changes in feed, parasites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laminitis is an inflammation of the laminae of the foot (the soft tissues within the foot are constricted by teh hoof wall) As the tissues swell in response to the inflammation they are greatly compressed with in the hoof wall which results in damage to the tissues and severe pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Founder is the actual rotation of the coffin bone within the hoof capsue. If the inflammation of laminitis is not corrected soon enough, the cells that hold the lamina together die. The coffin bone tears the lamina apart because teh deep flexor tendon always exerts pressure on teh coffin bone, pulling the tip of the bone down and back. |
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Term
| Whar are some causes of laminitis and founder? |
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Definition
| over consumption of grain or young pasture; repeated exercise on a hard surface, uterine infection due to a retained placenta in a mare who has just foaled,exposure to black walnut shavings, and others. |
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Term
| What are some signs of laminitis/founder? |
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Definition
| A foundering horse will stand with the hind feet drawn well up under the body and the front feet carried very forward, the horse will be in obvious pain and reluctant to move, the affected foot will feel warm to teh touch , horse may have a fever or increased respiration rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heaves or broken wind is a term for pulmonary emphysema which is an allergic reaction to something in teh horses environemnt which leads to a chronic cough, a gneneral unthriftiness and lack of stamina, difficulty breathing. |
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Term
| What can be done to manage heaves or broken wind? |
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Definition
| The condition can be managed by keeping the horse in an environment with as little dust as possible, such as out on pasture, if hay is fed by watering down the hay, keeping the horse in a well ventilated stall, using a low dust bedding. |
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Term
| What is thrush and how can it be treated? |
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Definition
| Thrus is a fungus that is caused by a lack of cleanliness and is characterized by a pungent, foul odor and blackish discharge from the area around the frog. it can be treated by applying household bleach to the frog area daily for one to three days or commercial treatments such as Thrush-X or Coppertox. |
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Term
| Aboput how much does a healthy hoof grow per month? |
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Definition
| Appoximately 3/8 inch per month. |
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Definition
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| How can one estimate teh age of a horse? |
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Definition
| By looking at their teetch. |
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Term
| At what age do horses acquire a full mouth of permanent teeth. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many teeth do mature mares have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many teeth do mature male horses have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "floating" mean and how often is this procedure done? |
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Definition
| Floating is the process of filing off the sharp points on the teeth, which needs to be done by a veterinarian or equine dentist around every 6 - 12 mos. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strangles is a bacterial infection where the lymph nodes under the jaws abcess and burst; abcessess can also form in other body parts and burst inside the body and cause death. |
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Term
| What is EPM (Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis? |
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Definition
| EPM is a condition caused by a protozoa that is transmitted through infected opossum feces, the condition is progressive and includes muscle atrophy (particularly in rear end) paralysis of muscles in face and head tilting, it can result in death. |
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Term
| What are some signs of internal parasites? |
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Definition
| Sings of parasite infestation include weakness, rough hair coat, pot belly, unthrifty appearance. |
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Term
| What is the most reliable way to check for parasites? |
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Definition
| The most reliable way to check for parasite in your horse is to have your vet perform a microscopic fecal examination to look for eggs in the manure. If egges are discoverd then teh presence and type of adult worms in the horse is confirmed. |
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Term
| What is another name for roundworms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are adult roundworms (ascarids) found and how long are they? |
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Definition
| Adult roundworms are found primarily in the small intestine and can vary in length from 5 to more than 20 inches. |
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Term
| What is the primary danger of roundworms is what? |
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Definition
| The primary danger of a roundworm infestation is through a blockage or rupture of the small intestine caused by a large number of adult worms. |
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Term
| What is unique about Bots and how do they end up into the stomach of a horse? |
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Definition
| Bots are the ionly internal parasite where teh adult is actually a fly. The adult fly lays eggs on teh hair of the horse. the eggs hatch when teh horse licks them and the larvae migrate into the mouth and eventually into the stomach of the horse. it is the larvae that pose a danger to the horse. |
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Term
| Why is the bot larvae a danger to the horse? |
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Definition
| The larvae live in the stomach iof the horse, feeding on blood, until they are large enough to become a pupa. At that point they detach from the stomach lining and pass into the feces where they pupate until they mature into an adult fly. |
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Term
| What are the three common types of bots in the United States. |
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Definition
| The three common type of bots in the US are the common bot, throat or chin bot and nose bot. |
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Term
| What is the most common and most harmful type of internal parasite? |
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Definition
| Strongyles (Boodworms) are the most common and most harmful of the internal parasite. |
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Term
| How are large strongyle larvae dangerous to horses. |
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Definition
| Some species of large strongyle reside in the arteries that supply the intestinal system with blood. There they can block blood flow, cause the formation of blood clots and potentially result in ruptured arteries. |
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Term
| What is something that horses with pinworms may do? |
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Definition
| Pinworms do not cause much damage to teh horse but can be irritating causing the horses to rub its tail on fences, stall walls, posts etc. The scratching horse deposits teh sticky eggs around the environment making it easy to become infected. |
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Term
| What parasite is responsible for summer sores (a wound that does not heal)? |
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Definition
| Stomach worms - stomach worms have an internal and external cycle on teh horse. Eggs of the stomach worms get eaten by stable flies when the flies consume manure. The eggs hatch inside the fly. The larvae leaves the fly wne the fly is feeding on a wound. The larvae are unable to complete their life cycle in the wouldn but can remain in the wound for mnths, during which time the would will not heal. ivermecticn is able to kill teh parasite in the wound an allow the wound to heal. |
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Term
| What are some ways that internal parasites can be controlled? |
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Definition
| 1- clean stalls daily and remove manure from the barn area if possible, avoid spreading fresh manure on pastures wehre horses are currently grazing, avoid spreading manure on pastures when its wet aor raining, compost teh manure for at least two weeks before spreading, avoid overstocking pasures, rotate pastures frequently to break up parasites life cycle, move wter troughs and salt blocks frequently to clean arss of teh pasture, make sure sources of clean water are available, keep infected horses spearated from other horses until properly treated. |
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Term
| What are some signs of lice in horses? |
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Definition
| common symptoms of lice are rubbing, biting, itchiness, patches of skin with no hair, unthrifty appearance. |
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Term
| What is ringworm caused by? |
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Definition
| Ringworm is cuased by a fungal infection of the skin. The lesions that form are circular and can spread quickly, some forms of ringwork can be transferred from horses to humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rain rot is a bacterial infection of the hair pores in teh skin. It causes the hair to come outin tufts with dead skin and crustry secretions at teh base. Treatment for rain rot is thorough therapeutic bathic with an appropriate antiseptic shampoo that is repeated three times over six days. |
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Term
| A mnale offspring, an immature male horse |
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Definition
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Term
| The female parent (mother) |
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Definition
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Term
| A male horse taht has been castrated. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| A female offspring, also an immature female horse |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| A horse breeding extablishment or farm, the breeding stallion is usually called this. |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the gestation period of pregnant mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the average heat cycle of a mare and how long is she in heat? |
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Definition
| The average cycle is 21 days in length and there is a five to seven day time when the mare is in heat. |
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