Star

White spot between eyes on forehead

Stripe

White narrow stripe down face

Snip

white marking on muzzle area

Blaze

Wide stripe down nose, but inside eyes

Bald Face

white face, mostly white face, marking go over the eyes

scientific name for horse

equus caballus

Female parent

Dam

Male parent

Sire

Male Parent

Sire

Newborn horse

foal

A young female horse up to 3 years of age

filly

A young male horse upto 3 years in age

colt

a mature female horse

mare

An intact male over 3 years used for breeding

stallion

A castrated male horse

gelding

young horse of either sex at weaning age

weanling

young horse of either sex less than 2 yrs of age

yearling

First heat of a mare following foaling

foal heat

What is a proud cut?

incomplete castration,makes horse sterile and is illegal

What is Cryptorchid

-stallion carrying one or both testicles in abdomen and in scrotum.Can turn cancerous, horse generally sterile

What unit of measure equals four inches?

Hand

What is another name for a condition of hooves(inflammation)-Laminitis

Founder

What does Cribber refer to?

-bad habit of biting wood with front teeth, with obnoxious breathing noise.

Descibe how the horse communicates vocally.

Neigh- greeting, salutation call
Nicker-soft expression, care giving or soliciting call, done through nostrils
snort-alarm call, blow air through nose
squeals-defense greeting btwn. 2 horses, pain response
Roar-directed toward mare,loud and open mouthed

Describe how the horse communicates with its body?

alert-look directly at objects, ears up
aggressive- contract nostrils, can cow kick, charge, bite, kick (walk right on horse so he can't kick)
submissive-ears out, tailtuck against hooves, (foals teeth chatter)

Posture
nervous-pace back and forth
rightened- tailtuck tight feet close together
frustrated-stomping, kicking, chew and smack on stuff.

What is the normal temperature of the horse? 

min. 99.5 F
avg. 100 F

max. 101 F

What is the normal respiration rate of the horse?

8 BPM
12 BPM
16 BPM

BPM= beats perminute

What is the noraml pulse rate for a horse?

28 BPM
35 BPM
50 BPM

BPM=Beats Per Minute

Were do you take the pulse on a horse?

1. facial artery.
2. medial artery- inside front leg.
3. digital artery-checked in leg for foundry, (should be cool and no pulse)
4. median coccygeal-tail head, blood pressure cuff)

Where do you check for respiration on a horse?

Count respirations on 

flank movement and/or nostril movement

List 4 methods for marking a horse for identification.

List some tooth problems in a horse.

Retained teeth

Can have tooth decay

Inflamed wolf teeth

Molars keep growing.

What are the symptoms of painful chewing?

Tilt head when chewing, general poor condition, stop eating, don't chew well enough (can lead to colic),

What doe the term floating mean in horse care?

file pointy teeth

What is the breeding season for a horse?

Spring, Summer, Fall, January

What is the length of estrous for a horse?

21 days

How long is the duration of estrus in a horse?

4-6 days

What are the signs the horse is in estrous?

seek companionship, restless, pacing fence, frequent urination, lifting tail head, vulva winking

What is the lenght of gestation?

330-345 days

What are signs the mare is ready to give birth?

No companionship, pawing, resltess, sweating, glance or bite at side, 12-24 hrs before foal.

Wax plug leaks out to prevent costrum leakage.

Drips milk, mammary veins enlarge, 2 teats.

What is the age of weaning of foals?

4-6 months

When is the catration of stallions done?

Between the ages of 1-2 yrs when both testicles dropped -done preferably in cold weather due to less bugs.

What is the most common metobolic disorder in horses?

Colic

What it is: abdominal pain, gas accumulation

Caused by: block intestines, moldy hair, stress,taking foal away or transport eating too much at one time. herniate necrotic intestines, blockage. -grass toxins enterotoxin, bad UTI (retained uterus) , too much cold water

Treat: keep horses walking and administer PenicillinG, and banemine for pain

Can cause:  laminitis--, becasue toxins can pump into coffin bone, elevation of coronary band, walk out of hooves or go through bottom of hooves.

Name the most common infectious diseases

1) Distemper

2) Tetanus
3) Navel ill

4) equine influenza

5) Equine infectious anemia

6) Equine encephalomyelitis

7) Rhinopneumonitis

What is dystemper?

lymph nodes in neck swell up and abscess can strangle them, highly contagious, virus , stress related, fever, loss of appetite, runny nose (vaccinate intranasally)

What is tetnus?

It is a bacteria, also know as lockjaw

 -enters through wound

-affects CNS,

-won't eat or drink

-mostly die.

What is Equine infectious anemia

(no vacc and nocure)-test for coggins, EIA, ciral infection passed by mosquito, pounding heartbeat, no vaccine, quarantine, fever, (AKA swamp fever) highly contagious

List the 6 most common intestinal parasites.

pinworms
tapeworms
bots
bloodworms
stomach worms
intestinal threadworms

List some parastie control procedures?

-reduce exposure to infected pastures
- keep manure cleaned up
-do not overgraze pastures
-check fecal periodically
-quarantine new arrivals
- initiate a firm worming program every 2-3 wks

What are examples of external parasites?

lice
horseflies
mites
ticks
ringworm
blowfly
screw worm
stable flies
mosquitoes
faceflies
houseflies

How do you control for external parasites?

spray well
-repellent on horses
-keep manure picked up and avoid soggy wet areas.

What is the cause of Cause Equine Lukeoencephalomalacia (Moldy Corn Toxicty)?

• Fungus, Fusarium moniliform (produces toxin)
• Pink to brown kernels of corn
• water damaged, moldy corn
• Late fall, early spring
• cool, humid conditions

How do you prevent equine influenza?

What are the clinic sign of pnemonia in a horse?

What is the cause of rabies?

bite from rabid skunk, bat, or raccoon

What is another name for strangles?

strep throat

Causes of Equine Viral Encephalitis

What is the cause of strangles and what age does it mostly affect?

cause

Streptococcus equi

affects mostly the young horses 1-5 years of age

Causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and what is it also know as ?

• Allergic respiratiory complex

Also known as

• "Heaves"

What are the clinical signs of tetnus?

What are the clinical signs of strangles?

Clinical signs

swelling and abcess formation in submandibular lymphnodes

fever

poor appetite

depression

lymphnodes can swell to the point of rupture

then they can drain and contaminate the environment.

What are the clinincal signs of COPD?

What is the diagnosis, treatment, and prvention of rabies?

Diagnosis

• test for the presence of substance (IFA) on brain tissue

Treatment

• Euthanasia

prevention

• Vaccination

What is the treatment for COPD?

What are some treatments for strangles?

pencillin type antibotics

mild infection may not need treatment

ISOLATION! (for up to 6 weeks)

Hot packing lymphnodes

What is the cause of tetnus?

clostridium tetanus

Where does laminitis occur?

Front limbs

What are some causes of laminitis?

Toxin

overgrazing on lush pastern

High proportion of grains

List 2 clinical signs of lamintis

Shifting lameness

gait abnormalities

Describe how to diagnosis laminitis

radiograhs to search for rotation of coffin bone

clinical signs

hoofing trest

signs of "failure" of hoof wall

List 2 ways to treat laminitis

Anti-flammatories

Mechanical support through shoeing

What is the prognosis of laminitis

varies with degree of ratation

no rotation - matter of days

Bad rotation- may never recover

What injury is the most common in rear limbs

hock injuries

What is another term for arthritis of the hock joint?

Bone spavin (true or jack spavin)

A shoe boil is also called a

capped elbow

shin splints are also called

bucked skins

Where is the disease brucella Abortus?

Between the ears

What is the most common neurological problem in horses?

wobblers

What age does this most typically accur at? (wobblers)

2 years of age

What are some signs of wobblers?

can not back up affected hindlimbs

staggering gate

What causes gastric ulceration

stress

NSAID over use

What is the clinical signs of gastric ulceration

mild- recurrent colic

weight loss

peritonitis

What is the causes of colitis

bacteria

salmonella - Ehrlichosis (PHF)

clostridium

what is the clinical signs of colitis

diarrhea

fever

colic

potomac horses fever is spread by

flies

black barn or may flies

Because they are contagious and they can contaminate the environment

6 weeks

Is there a vaccine for strangles

Yes

fever (104 F)

cough

depression

secondary pneumonia

Bleeding from pulmonary vasculature as a consequence of the cardio pulmonary changes that occur during exercise

87% standbred

95% thoroughbred

Which diseases can be prevented with a vaccine in the respiratory diseases categoty?

Strangles

Influenza

Saddle Horse Thoroughbred

Color Breed Horse Paint

Pony Shetland