Term
| a response to tissue injury and infection. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| caused by microorganisms and results in inflammation, |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The process of _______ is a protective mechanism in which the body attempts to neutralize and destroy harmful agents at the site of injury and to establish conditions for tissue repair. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| five characteristics of inflammation |
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Definition
| redness, swelling (edema), heat, pain, and loss of function. |
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Term
| two phases of inflammation |
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Definition
| vascular phase, which occurs 10 to 15 minutes after an injury, and the delayed phase. The delayed phase occurs when leukocytes infiltrate the inflamed tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Prostaglandins (chemical mediators) have many effects like: |
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Definition
| vasodilation, relaxation of smooth muscle, increased capillary permeability, and sensitization of nerve cells to pain. |
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Term
| what does NSAID stand for? |
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Definition
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
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Term
| what does NSAID stand for? |
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Definition
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAIDs are aspirin and aspirin-like drugs that inhibit the enzyme COX, which is needed for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins |
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Term
| Preferred drugs for headaches and fever are : |
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Definition
| aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen ( |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAIDs are more appropriate for reducing swelling, pain, and stiffness in joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Salicylates,Salicylate Derivatives,Para-Chlorobenzoic Acid (Indoles),Phenylacetic Acid,Propionic Acid, Anthranilic Acids (Fenamates),Oxicamsm, Selective COX-2 inhibitors |
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Term
|
Definition
aspirin (ASA, Bayer, Ecotrin)
See Prototype Drug Chart 25-1. |
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Term
| First-Generation NSAIDs contrandication |
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Definition
| Avoid if hypersensitive to aspirin. Do not use during third trimester of pregnancy. |
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Term
| Which COX inhibitor is the cause of upset stomachs/ulcers from asprin use? (COX1/COX2) |
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Definition
| Cox-1 ... COX 1 secrets the protective enzymes in your stomach to protect it from acid |
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Term
| Which COX inhibitor reduces inflammation? (COX1/COX2) |
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Definition
| COX-2. blocking this enzyme helps reduce inflammation. |
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Term
| symptoms of salicylate (asprin) overdose |
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Definition
| Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), and bronchospasm— especially in asthmatic clients—are symptoms of aspirin overdose or hypersensitivity to aspirin |
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Term
| While doing a medical history, you should look for a history of what to determine if asprin is safe for the patient? |
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Definition
| Determine if there is any history of gastric upset, gastric bleeding, or liver disease. Aspirin can cause gastric irritation. It prolongs bleeding time by inhibiting platelet aggregation. |
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Term
| theraputic range of asprin |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Advise client not to take aspirin with alcohol or drugs such as the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin) that are _________ |
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Definition
| highly protein-bound. Aspirin displaces drugs like warfarin from the protein-binding site, causing increased anticoagulant levels. |
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Term
| PROPIONIC ACID brand names |
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Definition
| ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) |
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Term
| Para-Chlorobenzoic Acid brand names |
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Definition
| sulindac (Clinoril) and tolmetin (Tolectin) |
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Term
| phenylacetic acid brand names |
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Definition
Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren)
Ketorolac (Toradol |
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Term
|
Definition
| meclofenamate sodium monohydrate (Meclomen) and mefenamic acid (Ponstel). |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| common side effect for all NSAIDs Gen 1 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| . NSAIDs can increase the effects of which drugs? |
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Definition
| phenytoin (Dilantin), sulfonamides, and warfarin. |
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Term
| common side effects of NSAIDs. Gen1 |
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Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, peripheral edema, GI upset, purpura or petechiae, or dizziness might occur. |
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Term
| Second-Generation NSAIDs category |
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Definition
| Selective COX-2 Inhibitors |
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Term
| Currently there is one drug classified as a COX-2 inhibitor. What is it's brand name? |
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Definition
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Term
| Selective COX-2 inhibitors are drugs of choice for clients with severe arthritic conditions who need high doses of an antiinflammatory drug because? |
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Definition
| They only inhibit COX-2 and do not inhibit COX-1 which is the enzyme that produces your protective lining in your stomach. |
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Term
| COX-2 inhibitor side effects? |
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Definition
| Headache, dizziness, sinusitis, nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, rash |
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Term
| COX-2 inhibitor adverse reaction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| while giving patients COX-2 inhibitors what should be evaluated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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Term
| The disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) include: |
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Definition
| gold drug therapy, immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulators, and antimalarials. |
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Term
| chrysotherapy or heavy metal therapy, is also called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Gold drug therapy is used to arrest progression of |
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Definition
| rheumatoid arthritis and prevent deformities caused by the disease. |
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Term
| Gold drug therapy, pharmacokenetics |
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Definition
| depresses migration of leukocytes and suppresses prostaglandin activity. |
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Term
| Gold drug therapy is only used for what type of theraputic effect? Palliative (relief of symptoms) or curative? |
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Definition
| It is used for palliative (relief of symptoms), not curative, effects. |
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Term
| Immunosuppressives are used to treat refractory_______ arthritis |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Immunosuppressive Agents example |
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Definition
| azathioprine (Imuran), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), and methotrexate (Mexate), |
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Term
| Immunomodulators treat moderate to severe ______ by disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying the disease progression. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immunomodulators examples |
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Definition
| Anakinra (Kineret) infliximab (Remicade),adalimumab (Humira) ,and leflunomide (Arava) |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other tissues. |
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Term
| Gout may appear as bumps, or tophi, in the subcutaneous tissue of : |
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Definition
| earlobes, elbows, hands, and the base of the large toe. |
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Term
| the complications of untreated or prolonged periods of gout include |
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Definition
| gouty arthritis, urinary calculi, and gouty nephropathy. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Foods rich in _____ and alcohol should be avoided in patients with gout |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy, herring, liver, meat soups |
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Term
1. The nurse understands the differences between COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors, in that ibuprofen is more likely than celecoxib to cause which adverse effect?
a. Fever
b. Constipation
c. Peptic ulcers
d. Metallic taste |
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Definition
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Term
2. A nurse is administering gold, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, to a client. Which should the nurse monitor carefully?
a. Hypertension
b. Blood in urine
c. Peripheral edema
d. Respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
3. When teaching the client who is receiving allopurinol, what should the nurse encourage the client to do?
a. Eat more meat.
b. Increase vitamin C intake.
c. Have annual eye examinations.
d. Take medication 2 hours before meals. |
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Definition
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Term
4. A client is admitted to the hospital with an acute gout attack. The nurse expects that which medication will be ordered to treat acute gout?
a. colchicine
b. allopurinol
c. probenecid
d. sulfinpyrazone |
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Definition
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Term
5. A client is taking aspirin for arthritis. Which adverse reaction should the nurse teach the client to report to the health care provider?
a. Tinnitus
b. Seizures
c. Sinusitis
d. Palpitations |
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Definition
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Term
6. The nurse is teaching a client about taking aspirin. Which are important points for the nurse to include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Advising client to avoid alcohol while taking aspirin
b. Instructing client to take aspirin before meals on an empty stomach
c. Instructing client to inform dentist of aspirin dosage before any dental work
d. Instructing client to inform surgeon of aspirin dosage before any surgery
e. Suggesting that aspirin may be given to children for flu symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
7. A client is taking infliximab (Remicade) and asks the nurse what side effects/adverse reactions to expect from this drug. The nurse lists which side effects? (Select all that apply.)
a. Fatigue
b. Headache
c. Chest pain
d. Renal damage
e. Severe infections |
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Definition
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Term
| What labs do you use to test salicylates? |
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Definition
| increased PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid |
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Term
| gout is caused by constantly eating foods rich in .... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| colchicine, uric acid inhibitors |
|
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Term
| colchicine contrandications |
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Definition
| It should not be used if the client has a severe renal, cardiac, or GI problem. |
|
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Term
| colchicine causes what kind of reactions in most (about 75%) of patients on this drug? |
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Definition
| With high doses, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain occurs in approximately 75% of clients taking the drug. |
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