Term
• Meta analyses estimate that --% of aggression in humans is related to hormones
o gender difference is -- than generally believed |
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Definition
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Term
| • studies tend to focus on physical aggression which make: |
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Definition
| males more likely perpetrators and targets |
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Term
| • Females may be more aware of |
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Definition
| consequences and experience more guilt and anxiety. |
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Term
| • Early studies of emotion |
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Definition
o Decorticate rage (removal of cortex) (sham rage)
o Researcher Bard (1929) studied decorticate cats |
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Term
| what did Bard find w/ cats? |
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Definition
o Aggressive responses were evoked by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, and were poorly coordinated and not directed at particular targets
o Bard concluded that the hypothalamus is critical for the expression of aggressive responses and the cortex is responsible for inhibiting and directing these responses |
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Term
| • 3 systems in the brain for Aggression |
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Definition
| o 1. Fight-flight system (FFS) o 2. Behavioral Activation System (BAS) o 3. Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) |
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Term
Fight-flight system (FFS)
• activated by |
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Definition
| pain and frustration (seeing something) amydala reacts to stimuli/ how emotionally important is this? Invokes a reflexive behavior |
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Term
FIS
hypothalamus-
amygdala
brain stem |
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Definition
| • Hypothalamus (basic response), amygdala (emotional), brain stem (reflexive actions like heart rate) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Encourages defensive behaviors without rational input/consideration |
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Term
| Behavioral Activation System (BAS) is a |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Governs instrumental behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| • Activated by reward removal/delay and frustration |
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Term
| BAS includes-- reward system |
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Definition
| • Includes dopaminergic reward system |
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Term
| Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is- |
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Definition
| • stop look and listen system |
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Term
| Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) focuses on |
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Definition
| • focuses arousal and attention on novel stimuli |
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Term
| individuals may be born w/ |
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Definition
| w/different thresholds for these systems (trait aggression) Mediated by serotonin- ppl get aggressive from taking SSRIs |
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Term
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Definition
low threshold for FFS and BAS (easier to activate and trigger aggressive behaviors
High threshold for BIS (takes more to activate, meaning it is harder to deactivate aggression) |
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Term
| • Moyer’s classification system |
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Definition
o 8 categories of aggression- differ by their inputs and outputs
• different forms of motivation
some focus on defensive actions
some focus on goal acquisition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| o activated by prey presence, natural response pattern, no emotional component, usually terminated by satiation (but not always), death, or escape of prey |
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Term
| . Territorial Aggression: |
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Definition
o activated by intruder
o deactivated by submissive display or retreat |
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Term
| • 3. Maternal Aggression: |
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Definition
o activated by protection of young
o interspecies or intraspecies
o deactivated by removal of threat |
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Term
| • 4. Dominance Aggression: |
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Definition
o primarily male on male
o activated by threat to power, dominance and or status
o “Code of the streets” determines what consitutes “threats”
o Deactivated by distinct submission display or removal of threat |
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Term
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Definition
o activated by aversive events (esp. unexpected)
o associated w/ frustration
o directed at diverse range of targets
• displacement = kick the cat,
o Repetition increases intensity
o Deactivation by social conventions (if someone elses fault, goes away if someone apologizes |
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Term
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Definition
o used to secure desired goal
o learned behavior
o often lacks emotional component
o deactivated by
• attainment of goal
• removal of motivation for goal
• replacement of alternative goal
o Ex; sports |
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Term
| • 7.Fear induced aggression |
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Definition
o activated by confinement or restraint
o My or may not be suppressed by threat of reprisal
o Deactivated by escape or release |
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Term
| • 8. Sex related aggression |
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Definition
o activated by stimuli that activate sexual motivation
o associated w/jealousy (humans)
o verbal and physical |
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Term
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Definition
| predatory, maternal, fear induced |
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Term
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Definition
| territorial, dominance, instrumental, irritable, sex related |
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