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464 Ch. 2
n/a
22
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
09/14/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Defining child abnormality is complex and involves:
Definition
Context of children’s ongoing adaptation and development
Sorting out the most probable cause of identified problems
Term
Etiology: the study of the
Definition
causes of childhood disorders
Term
etiolgy considers
Definition
how biological, psychological, and environmental processes interact to produce outcomes observed over time
Term
Continuity:
Definition
developmental changes are gradual and quantitative; predictive of future behavior patterns
Term
Discontinuity:
Definition
developmental changes are abrupt and qualitative; not predictive of future behavior patterns
Term
Adaptational failure is
Definition
the failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones
Term
Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Definition
Emphasizes role of developmental processes, importance of context, and influence of multiple and interacting events in shaping adaptive and maladaptive development
Term
Neurobiological perspective
Definition
sees brain and nervous system functions as underlying causes of psychological disorders
Term
By the 5th month of prenatal development
Definition
most axons have reached their general destination, but there are far more axons than the target cells can accommodate
Term
neural pruning
Definition
reduces the number of connections that shape and differentiate important brain functions
Term
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA):
Definition
Explains behavior as a function of its antecedents and consequences (functional approach to behavior)
Term
Four primary operant learning principles of ABA:
Definition
Positive and negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
Term
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model
Definition
Describes the child’s environment as a series of nested and interconnected structures with the child at the center
Term
Bowlby developed theory of attachment by
Definition
integrating aspects of evolutionary biology with psychodynamic conceptions of early experiences
Term
Attachment:
Definition
The process of establishing and maintaining an emotional bond with parents or other significant individuals
An ongoing process beginning between 6-12 months of age, providing infants with a secure, consistent base
Term
The evolving infant-caregiver relationship helps the infant to
Definition
regulate behavior and emotions, especially in conditions of threat or stress
Term
Four patterns of attachment, which reflect different types of internal working models, have been identified:
Definition
Secure
Insecure – anxious-avoidant
Insecure – anxious-resistant
Disorganized, disoriented (not an organized strategy)
Term
Insecure attachments have been implicated in a number of childhood disorders, but no
Definition
no one-to-one correspondence exists between specific patterns of attachment and particular disorders
Term
anxious avoidant
Definition
eplores but not affectionate
not scared of strangers
stress incresses, avoidance increases
as adult they wil mask emotionas and dont trust
Term
anxious resistant
Definition
not interested in exploring.
scared of strangers and newness
adults have anxiety, exaggerate emotions, negative self view
Term
disorganized type-
Definition
no coherent stratedgy
Term
secure-
Definition
explores
wants to be close to caregiver in new situation but can return to exploring after
adults have supportive relationships
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