Term
| Autism spectrum disorder (autism): |
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Definition
| neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social behavior, language and communication skills, and unusual behaviors and interests |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pervasive development disoders are: |
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Definition
Autistic Disorder
Asperger’s Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) |
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Term
Autistic Disorder
Asperger’s Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
are characterized by |
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Definition
| significant impairments in social and communication skills, and by stereotyped patterns of interests and behaviors |
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Term
| Two rare disorders in DSM-IV-TR category of PDD |
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Definition
Rett’s Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder |
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Term
| coined the term “early infantile autism” |
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Definition
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Term
| Preservation of sameness: |
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Definition
| anxious and obsessive insistence on maintaining sameness in daily routines and activities, which no one but the child may disrupt |
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Term
| Autism is an inborn deficit in children whose |
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Definition
| “refrigerator parents” are intelligent, obsessive, cold, mechanical, and detached in their relationships |
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Definition
| biologically-based lifelong neurodevelopmental disability that is present in the first few years of life |
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Term
| Children with autism behave in unusual ways |
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Definition
| engaging in stereotyped or repetitive motor activities for hours, or focusing on miniscule details of their world |
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Term
| DSM-IV-TR: Defining Features of Autism |
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Definition
impairments in social interaction and communication
Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
Delays or abnormal functioning in social interaction, in language, or in imaginative play prior to age three |
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Term
| austism is a spectrum disorder bc |
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Definition
| symptoms, abilities, and characteristics of autism are expressed in many different combinations and in any degree of severity |
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Term
| Three factors contribute to the spectrum nature of autism: |
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Definition
Children with autism may differ in level of intellectual ability, from profound disability to above-average intelligence
Children with autism vary in the severity of their language problems
The behavior of children with autism changes with age |
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Term
| several core deficits of autism, not one primary deficit, affect the child’s: |
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Definition
Social-emotional development
Language development
Cognitive development |
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Term
| autistic social impairments |
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Definition
deficits in social and emotional reciprocity
Lack of interest and/or difficulty relating to others
Failure to share enjoyment and interests with others
Social imitation, sharing focus of attention, make-believe play
Limited social expressiveness and sensitivity to social cues
Atypical processing of faces and facial expressions
unusual nonverbal behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to their parents, but the way they express attachment is unusual and difficult to read |
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Definition
| ability to coordinate attention to a social partner and object or event of mutual interest; impairment impedes later language development |
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Term
| Children with ASD display serious abnormalities in |
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Definition
| communication and language that appear in early development and persist |
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Term
| One of the first signs of language impairment is inconsistent use of |
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Definition
| early preverbal communications |
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Term
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Definition
| protoimperative gestures (gestures or vocalizations used to express needs) not protodeclarative gestures (those that direct visual attention of others to objects of shared interest) |
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Term
| Children with ASD may use gestures to |
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Definition
| get others to do things for them but not to convey feelings |
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Definition
| may regress between 12-30 months |
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Term
| Children with ASD who develop language usually do so before |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative language impairments: |
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Definition
Pronoun reversals
Echolalia
Perseverative speech
Impairments in pragmatics |
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Term
Stereotyped body movements
Two types: |
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Definition
Repetitive sensory and motor behaviors
Insistence on sameness behaviors |
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Term
| Different theories to explain self-stimulatory (eg hand flapping) behaviors: |
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Definition
A craving for stimulation to excite their nervous system
A way of blocking out and controlling unwanted stimulation from environment that is too stimulating
Maintained by the reinforcement that it provides |
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Term
| Children with ASD display a number of associated characteristics (4) |
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Definition
Intellectual deficits and strengths
Sensory and perceptual impairments
Cognitive and motivational deficits
Medical conditions and physical characteristics |
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Term
| Impairments in mixing across sensory modalities |
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Definition
| (e.g., inability to see the movement and hear the sound of someone clapping simultaneously) |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to focus on certain types of sensory input over others |
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Term
| Stimulus overselectivity: |
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Definition
| tendency to focus on one feature of an object or event in the environment while ignoring other equally important features |
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Term
| Deficit in mentalization or theory of mind (ToM): |
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Definition
difficulty understanding others’ and their own mental states
Do not understand false-belief tests |
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Term
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Definition
| children with autism perform relatively well on tasks that require attention to details of a figure rather than the overall pattern. |
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Term
| Are these cognitive deficits specific to ASD? |
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Definition
Lack of ToM is one of the most specific to ASD
Deficits in processing socio-emotional information and executive functioning deficits are less specific to ASD |
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Term
| Are these cognitive deficits found in all individuals with ASD? |
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Definition
A single cognitive abnormality cannot explain all the deficits present in in children with ASD
View that children with ASD have an underlying impairment in social motivation |
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Term
| medical conditions and physical characteristics |
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Definition
| sleep, GI, motor sensory, immonological, seizures, larger heads |
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Term
| two most common accompany disorders with autism |
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Definition
Intellectual disability
Epilepsy |
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Term
| autism child may engage in extreme |
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Definition
| self-injurious behaviors (SIB), including head banging, hand or arm biting, excessive scratching, and rubbing |
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Term
| prevalence of autism worldwide |
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Definition
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Term
| more common in boys or girls |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most often identified by parents in the months preceding child’s second birthday, with diagnosis made in preschool period or later |
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Term
| Earliest point in development for reliable detection: |
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Definition
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Term
| It is now generally accepted that autism is a biologically based neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple causes |
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Definition
Problems in early development
Genetic influences
Brain abnormalities
ASD as a disorder of risk and adaptation |
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Term
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Definition
| minimize core problems, maximize independence and quality of life, and help the child and family cope more effectively with the disorder |
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Term
| The UCLA Young Autism Project: |
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Definition
| includes key elements of early intervention and is based on principles of applied behavior analysisThe UCLA Young Autism Project: |
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Term
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Definition
| Major difficulties in social interaction and unusual patterns of interest and behavior in children with relatively intact cognitive and communication skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Children with AD display the same social impairments and restricted, stereotyped interests as children with autism, but have a higher verbal mental age, less language delay, and greater interest in social contact |
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Term
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Definition
| Tend to be egocentric, socially inept, and preoccupied with abstract narrow interests, causing them to seem eccentric |
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Term
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Definition
| empathy, engage in inappropriate, one-sided social interaction, show little ability to form friendships, are socially isolated, and display poor nonverbal communication |
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Term
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Definition
| anxiety disorders (especially social phobias and obsessive-compulsive symptoms) and sleep difficulties |
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Term
| aspergers Higher intellectual functioning suggests |
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Definition
| better long-term outcome than for autism |
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Term
| Evidence suggests that AD is a variant of |
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Definition
| autism and not a separate disorder |
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Term
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder |
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Definition
Significant loss of previously acquired skills prior to age 10
in at least two areas:
Expressive or receptive language
Social skills of adaptive behavior
Bowel or bladder control
Play or motor skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe and disabling neurological developmental disorder that predominantly affects females |
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Term
| Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia (COS) |
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Definition
| Schizophrenia: a neurodevelopmental disorder of the brain that is expressed in abnormal mental functions and disturbed behavior |
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Term
| Schizophrenia characterized by |
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Definition
| severe psychotic symptoms: bizarre delusions, hallucinations, thought disturbances, grossly disorganized behavior or catatonic behavior, extremely inappropriate or flat affect, and significant deterioration or impairment in functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| later age of onset, less intellectual impairment, less severe social and language deficits, hallucinations and delusions, and periods of remission and relapse |
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Term
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Definition
| problems concentrating, sleeping, doing schoolwork, and may avoid friends |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs during childhood
Has a gradual, rather than sudden onset
Symptoms are likely persist into adolescence and adulthood
Profound negative impact on developing social and academic competence |
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Term
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Definition
a genetic vulnerability and early neurodevelopmental insults result in impaired connections between many brain regions
genetic/environment |
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Term
| environmental causes of COS |
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Definition
depression in parents
familial stress/poor communication/dysfunction/tragedy |
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Term
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Definition
| of antipsychotic medications combined with psychotherapy and social and educational support programs |
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