Term
| Maltreatment often occurs within ongoing relationships that are assumed to be |
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Definition
| protective, supportive, and nurturing |
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Term
| Abused or neglected children face paradoxical dilemmas: |
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Definition
The victim wants to stop the violence but also longs to belong to the family in which they are being abused
Affection and attention may coexist with violence and abuse
Intensity of violence tends to increase over time, but in some cases, physical violence may decrease or stop |
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Term
| Children need a caregiving environment that balances their |
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Definition
| need for control and direction (“demandingness”) with their need for stimulation and sensitivity (“responsiveness”) |
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Term
| Healthy parenting includes: |
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Definition
Knowledge of child development and expectations
Adequate coping skills and knowledge of ways to enhance development through stimulation and attention
Normal parent-child attachment and communication
Home management skills
Shared parenting responsibilities
Provision of social and health services |
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Term
| Healthy patterns depend on: |
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Definition
Parental competence and developmental sensitivity
Family circumstances
Availability of community resources (education, child-rearing information, social networks, and support) |
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Term
| Fundamental, expectable environment infants: |
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Definition
| protective and nurturing adults, as well as opportunities for socialization within culture |
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Term
| Fundamental, expectable environment older children: |
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Definition
| supportive family, peer contact, opportunities to explore and master their environment |
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Term
| among the worst and most intrusive forms of stress |
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Definition
|
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Term
| child maltreatment impinges on |
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Definition
| child’s daily life, may be ongoing and unpredictable, and often involves people the child depends on and trusts |
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Term
| Children’s ability to respond to stress depends |
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Definition
| on the degree of support and assistance they receive from their parents, who serve as role models |
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Term
Continuum of child Care
positive end |
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Definition
| appropriate and healthy forms of child-rearing actions that promote child development |
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Term
Continuum of child Care
middle range |
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Definition
| poor/dysfunctional actions represent irresponsible and harmful child care |
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Term
Continuum of child Care
negative end |
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Definition
| : parents who violate their children’s basic needs and dependency status in a physically, sexually, or emotionally intrusive or abusive manner, or through neglect |
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Term
| U.S. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA): |
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Definition
| Acts that result in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that present imminent risk of serious harm |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple acts of aggression, including punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking, or otherwise physically harming a child |
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Term
| Physically abused children are often described as |
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Definition
| more disruptive and aggressive than their age-mates, with disturbances that reach across a broad spectrum of emotional and cognitive functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| refusal or delay in seeking health care, expulsion from the home, or refusal to allow a runaway to return home, abandonment, and inadequate supervision |
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Term
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Definition
| allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, or failing to attend to a child’s special educational needs |
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Term
| Emotional neglect (most difficult to define) |
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Definition
| marked inattention to a child’s needs for affection, refusal or failure to provide needed psychological care, spousal abuse in the child’s presence, permission of drug/alcohol use by the child |
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Term
| Neglected children show behavior patterns between |
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Definition
| undisciplined activity and extreme passivity |
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Term
Emotional abuse:
repeated0
exists-
harmful to |
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Definition
Repeated acts or omissions that may cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders
Exists in all forms of maltreatment
Can be as harmful as to a child’s development as physical abuse or neglect |
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Term
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Definition
| Commercial or sexual exploitation, such as child labor and child prostitution |
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Term
| Younger children more at risk for |
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Definition
| abuse and neglect, while sexual abuse is more common among older age groups (over 12) |
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Term
| exception for younger children risk |
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Definition
| sexual abuse, victimization rate is inversely related to the child’s age |
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Term
| sexual abuse rates and maltreatment rate for boys and girls |
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Definition
sexual abuse is female
equal for boys and girls for maltreatment |
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Term
| Boys are more likely to be sexually abused by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| girls are more likely to be sexually abused by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| who is the petrated more likely of neglect |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Except for sexual abuse, the most common perpetrator for child maltreatment is |
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Definition
| a female parent acting alone, typically younger than 30 years of age |
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Term
| Protective factors to abuse: |
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Definition
Positive relationship with at least one important and consistent person in the child’s life who provides support and protection (may be a maltreating parent)
-positive self image/sense of self (personality characteristics) |
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Term
| Parent-child attachment and home climate play a critical role in |
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Definition
| emotion regulation (ability to modulate or control the intensity and expression of feelings and impulses) |
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Term
| Maltreated infants/toddlers have |
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Definition
| difficulty establishing reciprocal, consistent interaction with caregivers: |
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Term
| Maltreated infants/toddlers attahcmentt |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Maltreated infants/toddlers __ emotional states |
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Definition
| difficulty understanding, labeling, and regulating internal emotional states |
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Term
| Maltreated children’s relationships with peers and teachers have elements of |
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Definition
| being a victim and a victimizer |
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Term
| Physically abused and neglected children show little skill at recognizing |
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Definition
| distress in others, and they respond to others’ distress with fear, physical attack, or anger |
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Term
| Maltreated children (especially physically abused) are more aggression |
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Definition
| physically and verbally aggressive with peers, and are more likely to be unpopular and rejected |
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Term
| Maltreated children (especially neglected) often (interaction) |
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Definition
| withdraw from and avoid peer interaction |
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Term
| Sexually abused girls have: |
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Definition
Significant neurodevelopment differences in their responses to stress
Greater cognitive deficits
More mental health problems (especially depression and PTSD), and illnesses
Higher rates of dropping out of high school, self-mutilation, physical and sexual revictimization, and teen motherhood
Increased rates of drug use |
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Term
| Cycle-of-violence hypothesis: |
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Definition
| victims of violence have greater chance of becoming perpetrators of violence |
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Term
| Child sexual abuse can lead to chronic impairments in |
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Definition
| self-esteem, physical health problems, and emotional and behavioral self-regulation |
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Term
| Chronic psychiatric disorders: |
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Definition
anxiety and panic disorders, depression, eating disorders, sexual problems, and personality disturbances
Many impairments stem from PTSD |
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Term
| Mood and affect disturbances: |
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Definition
| Depression, emotional distress, and suicidal ideation are common among abused children |
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Term
| As many as half of victims of maltreatment involving sexual abuse, or combined sexual and physical abuse, meet criteria for |
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Definition
| PTSD during childhood or adolescence |
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Term
| About one-third of childhood victims of sexual or physical abuse or neglect meet criteria for |
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Definition
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Term
| PTSD symptoms are more likely to occur if the abuse was |
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Definition
| chronic and the perpetrator relied on coercion or trickery |
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Term
| They may also dissociate, and the fragmentation of experience and affect can progress into |
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Definition
| borderline disorder, dissociative identity disorder, or chronic pain |
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Term
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Definition
| child’s sexual knowledge and behavior shaped in developmentally inappropriate ways |
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Term
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Definition
| weight problems, eating disorders, poor physical health care, physically destructive behavior, and in early adulthood, promiscuity, prostitution, sexual aggression, and victimization of and by others |
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Term
| Physical abuse and neglect are relational disorders that most often occur during |
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Definition
| periods of stressful role transitions for parents, early childhood and early adolescent oppositional periods of testing limits, and times of family instability and disruption |
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Term
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Definition
| Parental and situational factors interact over time to increase or to decrease the risk of physical abuse or neglect |
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Term
| Dynamic three-stage process suggests that |
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Definition
| maladaptive interaction patterns result from complex interactions among child characteristics, parental personality and style, history of the parent-child relationship, and the supportive or non-supportive nature of the family’s broader social context |
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Term
| integrated model process includes -- factors |
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Definition
| destabilizing and compensatory factors |
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Term
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Definition
poor child rearing prep
low sense of predictableit/control
stressin life |
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Term
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Definition
supportive spouse
SES stablility
success at work/school |
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