Term
| primary activity of the brain during the early years of development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| child has spent nearly 14 months sleeping and 10 months in waking activities, and the brain has reached 90% of its adult size |
|
|
Term
| A bidirectional relationship exists between |
|
Definition
| sleep problems and psychological adjustment |
|
|
Term
sleep disorders can cause-
sleep disorders can result-
sleep disorders can mimic/worsen- |
|
Definition
cause psych probs
result from other disorders
can mimimc or worse symptoms of other disorders |
|
|
Term
| The Regulatory Functions of Sleep view that- |
|
Definition
| arousal, affect, and attention are all closely intertwined in a dynamic regulatory system |
|
|
Term
| Sleep deprivation impairs functioning of the __ leading to - |
|
Definition
| prefrontal cortex, leading to decreased concentration and diminished ability to inhibit or control basic drives, impulses, and emotions |
|
|
Term
| sleep problems of infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sleep probs of pre schoolers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| younger school age sleep probs |
|
Definition
| more going-to-bed problems |
|
|
Term
| adolescents/adults sleep probs |
|
Definition
| more difficulty going to or staying asleep, or having enough time to sleep |
|
|
Term
| adolescents have increased __ need for sleep, but |
|
Definition
physiological need
chronically sleep deprived |
|
|
Term
| Primary sleep disorders are the result of abnormalities in the |
|
Definition
| body’s ability to regulate sleep-wake mechanisms and the timing of sleep rather than the result of medical disorder, mental disorder, or use of medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep, characterized by difficulty getting enough sleep, not sleeping when one wants to, not feeling refreshed from sleep |
|
|
Term
| many sleep problems dissolve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorders in which behavioral or physiological events intrude on ongoing sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological or cognitive arousal at inappropriate times during sleep-wake cycle |
|
|
Term
| Parasomnias complaints of |
|
Definition
| unusual behaviors while asleep |
|
|
Term
| Parasomnias common afflictions of |
|
Definition
| early to mid-childhood; children typically grow out of them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nightmares (REM parasomnias) and sleep terrors and sleepwalking (often referred to as arousal parasomnias) |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis for all sleep-related disorders requires |
|
Definition
| clinically significant distress/impairment; the disturbance cannot be better accounted for by another mental disorder, effects of a substance, or general medical condition |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral interventions for Parasomnias |
|
Definition
| teach parents to attend to child’s need for comfort and reassurance, gradually withdraw more quickly after saying goodnight (extinction), establish good sleep hygiene appropriate to child’s developmental stage and family’s cultural values, and then use positive reinforcement for maintenance |
|
|
Term
| Goals of Parasomnias behavioral intervention is to: |
|
Definition
Eliminate sleep deprivation
Restore a more normal sleep and wake routine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolonged tx is usually not neccesary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide comfort at the time of occurrence and attempt to reduce daytime stressors |
|
|
Term
| -- often preceded sleep walking |
|
Definition
| excessive fatigue or unusual stress during daytime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can turn into distressing and chronic difficulties, and can affect participation in education and social activities |
|
|
Term
| Two elimination problems occurring during childhood and adolescence: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nvoluntary discharge of urine during day or night at least twice a week for three months or accompanied by significant distress or impairment, in a child at least 5 years old; not due to general medical condition or the result of a diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nocturnal only: most common; wetting occurs only during sleep at night
Diurnal only: passage of urine during waking hours, more common in females; believed to be associated with social anxiety or preoccupation with a school event
Combination of nocturnal and diurnal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continence has never been attained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control was estabilished and then lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), immature signaling mechanism, and genetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
behavioral training
medication
psych intervention |
|
|
Term
| Enuresis behavioral training |
|
Definition
operant/classical conditioning
urine alarm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desmopressin (synthetic ADH); unfortunately, it has a high relapse rate (80%) when discontinued |
|
|
Term
| Enuresis psych interventions |
|
Definition
| urine alarm more effective than medication or waiting for child to mature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passage of feces into inappropriate places at least once per month for three months in a child at least 4 years old; not due to organic or general medical condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with or without constipation and overflow incontinence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Avoiding, suppressing, and not recognizing signs when it is time for a bowel movement, which can cause megacolon (built up feces) and problems with decreased signals and painful bowel movements
Abnormal defecation dynamics that, combined with avoidance, increases risk for chronic constipation and encopresis develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined medical and behavioral interventions beginning with fiber, enemas, or laxatives to disimpact the rectum, followed by behavioral interventions to establish healthy elimination patterns |
|
|
Term
| Adolescent Substance Use Disorders include |
|
Definition
| substance dependence and substance abuse, resulting from self-administration of any substance that alters mood, perception, or brain functioning |
|
|
Term
| For a diagnosis of substance dependence, |
|
Definition
| must show a maladaptive pattern of substance use for at least 12 months, with three or more significant clinical signs of distress such as tolerance or withdrawal |
|
|
Term
| Criteria for substance abuse involve |
|
Definition
| one or more harmful and repeated negative consequences of substance use over the last 12 months |
|
|
Term
| most prevalent substance used and abused by adolescents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
adolescents using ___ decreases
___ increases |
|
Definition
tobacco
increased marijuana, illicit durgs |
|
|
Term
| Some amount of substance use during adolescence is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adolescent Substance Use Disorders personality risk factors |
|
Definition
| Increased sensation seeking: preference for novel, complex, and ambiguous stimuli |
|
|
Term
| at risk for Adolescent Substance Use Disorders kids who perceive |
|
Definition
| oneself to be older than same age peers and school disconnect |
|
|
Term
| Adolescent Substance Use Disorders risk family functioning |
|
Definition
| lack of parental involvement/affection/inconsistent/negative interactions/low expectations |
|
|
Term
| strong deterrent for risk behaviors |
|
Definition
| trust between adolescent FEMALES and parents |
|
|
Term
| other family risk factors for Adolescent Substance Use Disorders |
|
Definition
| parental history of substance abuse, poor parent-teen communication, and family conflict |
|
|
Term
| peers and culture risk facotrs for Adolescent Substance Use Disorders |
|
Definition
association with deviant and substance-using peers
False consensus (“everyone’s doing it”)
Substance use glamorized by peer culture |
|
|
Term
| tx of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders |
|
Definition
family based
motivational interviewing |
|
|
Term
| family based approaches that seek to modify |
|
Definition
| negative interactions between family members, improve communication, and develop effective problem-solving skills to address areas of conflict |
|
|
Term
| Multisystemic Therapy (MST) |
|
Definition
| involves intensive intervention that targets family, peer, school, and community systems |
|
|
Term
| Motivational interviewing (MI) |
|
Definition
| uses a patient-centered and directive approach to address ambivalence and discrepancies between person’s current values and behaviors and their future goals |
|
|
