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| APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS |
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Definition
| the application of the science of learning to socially significant human behavior |
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| a principle wherein the opportunity to engage in a high-probability (high-p) behavior is contingent upon the low-probability (low-p) behavior will function as the reinforcer for the low-frequency behavior. |
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| the discontinuing of reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior (i.e., responses no longer produce reinforcement); the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of the behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur. |
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| the practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest |
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| the behavior attributed to "inner" causes that can't be observed or measured |
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| occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions. |
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| to rule out simple, logical explanations before moving on to more complex explanations. |
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| the idea that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occurs as a result of other events. |
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INTEROBSERVER AGREEMENT
IOA |
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Definition
| the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events. |
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| WHAT ARE THE 7 DIMENSIONS OF ABA? |
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Definition
- Generality
- Effective
- Technological
- Applied
- Conceptually Systematic
- Analytic
- Behavior
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| What are the 6 attitudes of science? |
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Definition
Determinism
Experimentation
Empiricism
Philosophical Doubt
Replication
Parsimony |
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| EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR |
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Definition
| founded by Skinner - the scientific study of behavior as the subject matter |
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| SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT |
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Definition
| a rule that specifies the environmental arrangements & response requirements for reinforcement; a description of a contingency of reinforcement. |
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| investigation that demonstrates correlation between events and is based on repeated observations |
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| ABA is effective in that it improves behavior sufficiently to produce practical results. |
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| a stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as reinforcement. |
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| occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions |
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| to continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. |
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| requires that a procedure be clearly described. |
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| characteristic of ABA that shows experimental control over the occurrence & nonoccurrence of the behavior |
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| investigating behaviors of social significance |
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| manipulation of the independent variable to produce a change in the dependent variable. |
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Definition
| when intervention produces change that is durable, appears in other settings, or spreads to other behaviors. |
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| a form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior including private and public events. |
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| when behavior change interventions are derived from the principles of behavior |
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| a stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behavior. (Compare to conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned stimulus (US) ). |
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| reinforcement is placed on hold and there is a stark increase in the behavior, followed by a decrease to maintaining levels. |
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| SYNONYMS FOR PREMACK PRINCIPLE |
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Definition
| Grandma's Law, Relativity Theory of Reinforcement |
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Definition
| a group of responses of varying topography, all of which produce the same effect on the environmement |
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Definition
| when an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus |
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Definition
| an energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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Definition
| a stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past. |
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Definition
| the absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement; an effect commonly produced by fixed interval (FI) & fixed ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
| the stimulus component of an unconditioned reflex; a stimulus change that elicits respondent bx without any prior learning. |
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Definition
| the gradually diminishing response strength in a stimulus-response (reflex) situation that occurs when the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short span of time. |
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| the behavioral procedure, treatment or other intervention |
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| a group of stimuli that share specific common elements along formal (size, color), temporal (antecedent or consequence) and/or functional (discriminative stimulus) dimensions. |
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CONDITIONED
MOTIVATING OPERATIONS
(CMO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history. For example, because of the relation between locked doors and keys, having to open a locked door is a CMO that makes keys more effective as reinforcers, and evokes behavior that has obtained such keys. |
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Definition
| a stimulus-response relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the respondent behavior it elicits (bright light pupil contraction). Unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, protect against harmful stimuli help regulate the internal balance and economy of the organism and promote reproduction. |
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Definition
| when the dependent variable (treated behavior) and a given independent variable (treatment) are related if the behavior changes systematically w/ changes of the independent variable. |
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UNCONDITIONED MOTIVATING OPERATIONS
(UMO) |
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Definition
| a motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food w/o the necessity of any learning history. |
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Definition
| a response is reinforced in the presence of an antecedent stimulus |
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Definition
| the stimulus component of a conditioned reflex; a formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) or another CS. |
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Definition
| a situation in which the frequency, latency, duration or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. |
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| a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (US). |
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| (important in operant conditioning) a stimulus that precedes or accompanies a behavior and may exert discriminative control over that behavior. |
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| a behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules; common effects include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses or cessation in responding |
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Definition
| the process by which a CS gradually stops eliciting the CR when the CS is no longer paired with a US |
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| a stimulus change that happens right after behavior |
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| taking something away from the environment to increase behavior in the future |
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| time between beginning of the behavior and end of the behavior |
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| the basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; encompasses the temporal and possibly dependent relations among an antecedent stimulus, behavior, and consequence. |
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| a presented but unobserved process or entity (e.g., Freud's id, ego, superego) |
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Definition
| an environmental variable that (a.) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b.) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object or event. |
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DISCRIMINITIVE STIMULUS
SD |
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Definition
| a stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of differential reinforcement is the reason an SD increases the momentary frequency of the behavior |
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Definition
| The basic process by which operant learning occurs; consequences (stimulus changes immediately following responses) result in an increased (reinforcement) or decreased (punishment) frequency of the same type of behavior under similar motivational and environmental conditions in the future. |
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Definition
| A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditional stimulus (US) until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response. |
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| FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION TRAINING |
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Definition
An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation (EO); involves differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). |
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Definition
| displacements through space and time; where bx occurs |
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| decreases the current frequency of the behavior. |
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| a behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the bx suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has deceased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely. |
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Definition
| increases the current frequency of the behavior. |
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Definition
| value altering effect that decreases the value of a reinforcer |
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Definition
| a type of graph on which the cumulative number of responses emitted is represented on the vertical axis; the steeper the slope of the data path, the greater the response rate. |
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| stimulus change existing or occurring prior to behavior |
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| ____________ is the level of investigation in science that involves the collection of information to suggests hypotheses or questions for additional research. |
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Definition
| a single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of bx |
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Definition
| duration or latency of effect |
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Definition
| displacements through space and time; does the behavior occur again and again |
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