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| More of the world’s children die of what? |
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| actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, abuse, or disease |
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| more specific, actions that avert harm in the immediate situation (stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian) |
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| occurs after an injury, aimed at reducing harm or preventing disability |
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| all intentional harm to or avoidable endangerment of anyone under 18 |
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| Substantiated maltreatment |
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| those that have been investigated and verified |
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| the source of much that we know about memory |
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| when people are hypnotized to go back and remember the ages before 3 and 4 years old |
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| CONTINUITY. we are acquiring more and more in our memory. Not Quality but Quantity |
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| Information Processing Theory is a ? theory |
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| - from a specific instance to another specific instance (where it doesn’t really apply; for example- a cow has 4 legs and a dog has 4 legs so all cows are dogs…) |
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| Preschoolers reasoning is |
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| can symbolize things mentally, think about an object without it really being there (pretending) |
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| representational- because words are used as verbal symbols |
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| representational- because you can think about an object without it being there |
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| everything is alive, especially things that move |
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| everything has a psychological life; thoughts, feelings, and emotions (one step further than animism) |
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| focuses on changes in one dimension while ignoring changes in other dimensions |
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| children know gender can’t be changed |
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| little boy has sexual feelings and focuses them on his mother, but then realizes that his father has the same feelings for his mother, so he wishes his dad will go away, but is afraid that dad will find out and castrate the little boy… |
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| a sequence of thoughts or actions are repeated so often they become routine, and don’t require much conscious thought “NO BRAINER” |
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| a child who can’t read will do the Stroop task much better than an older child who can read |
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| many unused neurons die off, even with pruning, the infant’s brain grows phenomenally. |
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| ability to notice a change in 2 or more dimensions at the same time |
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| classification and metamemory |
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| elementary schoolers memory improves due to |
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| person’s ability to think about one’s own memory |
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| ability to think about thinking |
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| students can set short term (?) goals and long term (?) goals |
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| The use of pitches of varying levels to help communicate meaning |
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| his theory of multiple intelligences. He outlined seven dimensions of intelligence: Visual / Spatial Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Verbal Intelligence, Logical/Mathematical Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Intrapersonal Intelligence, and Bodily / Kinesthetic Intelligence. Since the publication of Frames of Mind, he has additionally identified the 8th and 9th dimensions of intelligence: Naturalist Intelligence and Existentialist Intelligence. |
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| Howard Gardner is best known for |
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| consists of a four step process. The first three steps analyze the process by which a person has become depressed or distressed. The first column records the objective situation. In the second column, the client writes down the negative thoughts which occurred to them. The third column is for the negative feelings and dysfunctional behaviors which ensued. The negative thoughts of the second column are seen as a connecting bridge between the situation and the distressing feelings. Finally, the fourth column is used for challenging the negative thoughts on the basis of evidence from the client's experience. |
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| obeying rules and avoiding negative consequences. Children in this stage see rules set, typically by parents, as defining moral law |
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| Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation |
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Definition
35-60 years old
will i ever accomplish anything useful |
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| Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation |
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Definition
18-34
Body and ego must be masters of organ modes and of the other nuclear conflicts in order to face the fear of ego loss in situations which call for self-abandon. The avoidance of these experiences leads to isolation and self-absorption. |
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| Psychosocial Crisis: Identity vs. Role Confusion |
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11-18
The adolescent is newly concerned with how they appear to others. Ego identity is the accrued confidence that the inner sameness and continuity prepared in the past are matched by the sameness and continuity of one¢s meaning for others, as evidenced in the promise of a career. The inability to settle on a school or occupational identity is disturbing. |
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| Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority |
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6-10
To bring a productive situation to completion is an aim which gradually supersedes the whims and wishes of play. The fundamentals of technology are developed. To lose the hope of such "industrious" association may pull the child back to the more isolated, less conscious familial rivalry of the oedipal time. |
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| Psychosocial Crisis: Ego integrity vs. despair |
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60-death
Ego integrity is the ego¢s accumulated assurance of its capacity for order and meaning. Despair is signified by a fear of one¢s own death, as well as the loss of self-sufficiency, and of loved partners and friends |
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| what increases children to think and react much more quickly than toddlers can |
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| one side of the brain is responsible for another side of the body –begins before birth and is epigenetic |
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| connects the hemispheres, grows and myelinates rapidly |
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| tendency to stick to one thought or action long after it is time to move on |
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| actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, abuse, or disease |
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| more specific, actions that avert harm in the immediate situation (stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian) |
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| occurs after an injury, aimed at reducing harm or preventing disability |
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| preschoolers reasoning is? |
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| psychological masculitinty |
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Definition
| instrumental personality traits (getting things done) |
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| expressive personality traits (expressing emotions) |
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| a person’s knowledge that nothing can change someone’s gender |
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| the idea that the amount of a substance remains the same when its appearance changes |
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| – thinking that nothing changes: Whatever is now has always been and always will be |
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| temporary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process |
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| person’s theory of what other people might be thinking. In order to have a theory of mind, children must realize that other people are not necessarily thinking the same thoughts that they themselves are. This realization is seldom possible before age 4. |
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| the idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories |
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| a person’s understanding of who he or she is. includes appearance, personality, and various traits. |
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| need for rewards from outside, such as material possessions or someone else’s esteem |
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| the ability to understand the emotions of another person, especially when those emotions differ from one’s own |
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| feelings of anger, distrust, dislike, or even hatred toward another person |
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| hurtful behavior that is intended to get or keep something that another person has |
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| an impulsive retaliation to another person’s intentional or accidental actions, verbal or physical |
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| a disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child’s feelings of guild and gratitude to the parents |
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| balance within a person of traditionally male and female psychological characteristics |
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| in an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29. IN a child, being above the 85th percentile, based on the US Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for his or her age and sex |
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| In an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more. In a child, being above the 95th percentile, based on the US Centers for Disease Control’s 1980 standards for his or her age and sex |
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| chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airways from the lungs to the nose and mouth, causing difficulty in breathing. Signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. |
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| the potential to master a particular skill or to learn a particular body of knowledge |
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| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC |
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| an IQ test designed for school-age children. The test assesses potential in many areas, including |
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| an approach to educating children with special needs in which they are included in regular classrooms with “appropriate aids and services,” as required by law |
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| concrete operational thought |
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| Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions |
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| certain characteristics of an object remain the same even if other characteristics change |
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| teaching reading by first teaching the sounds of each letter and of various letter combinations |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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| Body shape, breasts, voice, body hair, and numerous other features differentiate males from females. Sexual activity is influenced more by culture than by physiology |
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| gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands |
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| two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine |
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| paired sex glands (ovaries in females, testicles in males); produce hormones and gametes |
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| primary sex characteristics |
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| – The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis |
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| term that refers to the earlier and greater growth of children due to improved nutrition and medical care over the last two centuries |
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