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4070 test 2 part 2
n/a
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
02/25/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Information processing theory
Definition
compares human thinking to computers and focuses on memory
Term
memory
Definition
to remember must encode, store, and retrieve and maintaining information over time
Term
information processing
Definition
source of much that we know about memory.
Term
piaget
Definition
we experience qualitatively different from sensor motor to preoccupational, which causes how we organize the world
Term
0-2
Definition
sensorymotor
Term
preoperational2-6
language is used, thinking is illogical and imaginative. Preschoolers had problems with mental operations
Definition
preoperational
Term
induction
Definition
is reasoning several instances to induce a general rule
Term
Deductive
Definition
apply a general rule to a specifics
Term
Transductive
Definition
specific instance to another specific instance (ex. Mommy cuts the crust off my bread, you didn’t, therefore mommy doesn’t love me)
Term
Egocentric
Definition
can’t take other’s perspective, and everything I know everyone else knows.
Term
representational ability
Definition
can symbolize tings mentally. Language is representational because words are verbal symbols. Pretending is common because they can think about an object without it being there
Term
animism
Definition
everything is alive, especially things that move
Term
artificalism
Definition
everything has a psychological life, thoughts, feelings, and emotions
Term
rigidity
Definition
think in dichotomies (things are right or wrong, tall or short).
Term
inflexible and irreversible
Definition
cannot reverse operations without additional learning, cannot mentally edit their own thinking. Typically can’t solve conservation problems. A preschooler will notice one aspect of the environment change but not the other.
Term
7-11
Definition
stage of Concrete operations
Term
12+
Definition
Stage of formal operations
Term
socialization
Definition
learning society’s rules
Term
social norms
Definition
society’s rules of behavior- control our behavior and expectations. They can change over time and over different cultures
Term
social role
Definition
group of norms defining a social category (ex job, age, sex)
Term
gender role
Definition
the norms that prescribe correct behavior for males and females (ex men are supposed to show instrumental personality traits and women are supposed to show expressive personality traits)
Term
psychological masculinity
Definition
instrumental personality traits
Rude, forceful, severe, dominant
Term
psychological femininity
Definition
expressive personality traits
Fearful, submissive, emotional, softhearted
Term
koldberg
Definition
constructing the concept of gender. Children label themselves boy or girl and behavior shaped by the label. Children understand some things about gender by age 3. Even at age 3 knowledge is not complete on how the sexes relate, but 4 and 5 years olds do not show gender permanence
Term
Freud (psychobiological) on Gender role Development
Definition
children identify with parents, especially same sexed parent. “Acquiring” gender role as part of their personality. When children begin to experience feeling they try to find something to relate to and by 5 or six this identification is very strong. These complexes are in the phallic stage. Its through identification that children adopt parent’s values as their own.
Term
oedipus complex
Definition
boy focuses his feelings on his mother but is frustrated with his father as his romantic rival. These feeling build to castration anxiety then at the resolution these feelings are repressed out of his consciousness. He doesn’t remember these feelings and then he identifies with dad (hero worship)
Term
elektra complex
Definition
girl focuses her feelings on dad and views mom as romantic rival but do not experience as much pain because they have no castration anxiety. The girls go into penis envy. They do not repress these feelings as quickly but does identify with the mother as her gender role
Term
id and ego
Definition
children up until the age of 5 only have the
Term
erik erikson
Definition
Said that ego is adaptive and focused on societal influences person’s development. The ego forms our sense of identity. Each of his developmental stages corresponds to Freud’s in time. Says most important part of your life is when you form identity. Social forces determine development of your personality
Term
ego
Definition
in charge of how we act
freud
Term
ID
Definition
set of uncoordinated instinctual trends
freud
Term
super ego
Definition
plays the critical and moralizing role
freud
Term
Stage 1- Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
Definition
during infancy the baby will view the world as optimistic or pessimistic. Parents will highly influence how the child will develop.
Term
Stage 2 Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Definition
the preschooler will try to do things on their own. A parent that allows the children to feed themselves will be autonomous but a parent who hinders them will create shame and doubt.
Term
Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt
Definition
the preschooler will now choose what to do. Within the bounds of reason they can choose what to do and have the positive or negative consequences
Term
permissive parents
Definition
more warm and loving than others, but exert less control over children (spoiled brat). Often times they are the least competent children and less exploratory
Term
authoritarian parents
Definition
colder and aloof and are over controlling. Their children become dependent, submissive, less competent, and unhappy
Term
authoritative parents
Definition
warm, rational and confident parents. They enforce rules, and expect high achievement. Children are independent, competent and exploratory. Rules are set based on their child’s complete development and are not given things that can harm them.
Term
no nonsense parenting
Definition
very high on warmth and love but very high on control. This parenting style is often found where it is dangerous to raise children.
Term
The 5-7 shift
Definition
about this time most children show a growth spurt, becoming taller, less pudgy and more adult like in appearance. Many adults think that tall boys are more popular and become more successful as adults and that girl’s height doesn’t matter. Parents will actually keep boys out of school a year due to small height. Studies do not support doing this
Term
gross motor skills
Definition
boys excel at gross motor skills but they need activity but can sit for a long periods of time. They engage in active and not passive activities. Motor rapid skills when school age kids have rapid growth leads to better body control
Term
fine motor skills
Definition
girls excel at fine motor skills but boys also improve
Term
mylenation
Definition
improves small muscle control. Age 7 hands steadier, smaller print, use of utensils. Age 8-10 more precise work, write rather than print. Age 10-2 adult like manipulative skills
Term
automatization
Definition
repeated thoughts/action gets routine, don’t require conscious thoughts
Term
13
Definition
how many % of US children receive special education and have an individual education plan.
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