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Century: 4th BC
Event: Records Socrates drinking hemlock
Thought: This world of sense perception is transient, the real world is transcendent and can only be "remembered" by our immortal souls.
Story: Plato was the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle |
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Century: 1st
Event: Contemporary of Christ
Thought: Allegorized Moses into middle Platonic thought
Story: Represented the Jews to Gaius Caligula, the Emperor attempting to put his golden statue in Jerusalem Temple |
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Century: 1st
Event: Young leaders displacing elders of the church at Corinth
Thought: Peter and Paul already in Heaven
Story: Tells the stories of the Old Testament judgments against usurpers and rebellions as examples for the Christian church |
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Century: early 2nd
Event: his trip to Rome and martyrdom
Thought: urged the churches of Asia Minor to adopt a monarchical episcopate form of church governance
Story: He pleads with Roman Christians not to rescue him from Martydom lest he lose his chance to emulate Christ and Paul |
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Century: 2nd
Event: Written after major Jewish uprisings in Alexandria and Judea
Thought: Rejects weekly Sabbath in favor of 1000 year and 8th day rest
Story: Allegorizes OT stories into Christian teaching, but keeps their historical reality |
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Century: 2nd
Event: Martyrdom of Polycarp
Thought: Taught the Christians in Philippi to use a Presbyterian form of Church governance
Story: Learned Christianity from John, served God 86 years and died praying for his persecutors and reviling the crowd of pagans as atheists |
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Term
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Century: 2nd
Event: Marcionite Heresy at Rome condemned by Irenaeus of Lyon
Thought: The OT god is a weak god of material and justice. The NT God, JC, is the high God and is loving and merciful
Story: Sold his shipping business and gave the proceeds to the Roman Church. When they finally rejected his heresy they returned his money |
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Century: 2nd
Event: worshiping on the 1st day of the week in Rome
Thought: OT prophets predict Jesus Christ but reject Sabbath and circumcision
Story: styles himself a Christian philosopher after trying and rejecting the major philosophies of his day |
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Century: 2nd
Event: Wrote "Against Heresies" ca. 180
Thought: Christ must be true God and true human to bring God and humans together
Story: Irenaeus learned at the feet of Polycarp, who learned from John, and he claimed authority based on getting his info in a direct way from an apostle. |
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Century: 2nd
Event: 2nd teacher in the school of biblical exegesis at Alexandria
Thought: all that is best in philosophy was derived from revelation through Moses and the prophets
Story: Clement was a high-born, well-educated Greek who traveled and studied widely |
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Century: early 3rd
Event: the montanist heresy attracts Tertullian because of its rigorist ethic
Thought: Tertullian begins Latin theology with the economy of God, when he sees Jesus Christ as "light from light and true God from true God"
Story: He is a Roman citizen with a patrician upbringing and education, as such he sees Christianity through conservative, Roman mores |
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Century: 3rd
Event: wrote commentaries on every book of Scripture
Thought: Jesus was God through participation, not by nature
Story: when as a teen his father was martyred and he wanted to join him, but his bishop stopped him; to gain self control it is probably he castrated himself |
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Century: late 3rd
Event: became the model anchorite, the 1st ascetic to leave the Nile valley for the upper desert
Thought: he wanted to live out the injunctions of Scripture rather than discuss them
Story: did battle with demons in spiritual warfare, and defeated the devil by living like Christ |
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Century: 3rd
Event: persecution by Decius
Thought: the bishop is the church; only the bishop can forgive sins
Story: Cyprian is martyred by his choice for an example to his people by Valerius |
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Century: early 4th
Event: begins great persecution of 303-313
Thought: called for return to traditional Roman religion; wanted to eradicate Christianity and Manicheanism
Story: due to poor health, forced to step down as emperor |
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Century: 4th
Event: ended the persecution begun by Diocletian
Thought: Baptism right before death to cover all his sins
Story: Chaired Council of Nicea, forced all to sign Nicean Creed then repudiate it on pain of death. |
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Century: 4th
Event: condemned at Council of Nicea
Thought: There was a time when Jesus was not, was first creature through whom all was created
Story: argued with Alexander of Alexandria over divine nature of Christ |
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Century: 4th
Event: wrote "Life of Anthony"
Thought: Jesus, God the Son, has the same divine nature as God the Father
Story: He was banished 5 times for upholding the Nicean formula |
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Century: 4th
Event: the Dontatists split from Catholics over election of Caeculius as Bishop of Carthage
Thought: We Donatists, the few, are the true people of God; the Catholics, the many are the antichrist
Story: Donatus was the 2nd bishop elected against Caeculius |
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Century: 4th
Event: wrote "On the Holy Spirit"
Thought: The HS is God with the same divine nature as the Father and Son
Story: Educated in Athens in the Schools of Philosophy and attempted an urban Christian ascetic movement |
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Century: 4th
Event: Turned her family estate into a monastic experiment where she and her slaves lived as equals
Thought: taught the ascent of the soul to God in Christian terms
Story: Macrina is the older sister of Basil and learned philosophy and religion form him and through her reading |
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Term
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Definition
Century: 4th
Event: wrote "Life of Macrina" and "On the Making of Man"
Thought: taught that Origen was right when he said all would be saved, even the devil
Story: little brother of Basil, brilliant writer himself; he carried on the work of his family in both theology and monasticism |
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Century: 4th
Event: as bishop of Constantinople he chaired council of Constantinople in 381
Thought: in his five Theological Orations he details the Trinity doctrine as accepted at Constantinople
Story: Basil's best friend and school chum, allowed Basil to make him bishop of Nazianzus to defeat politics at Valens, but was later deposed as bishop of Constantinople; never forgave Basil for this |
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Century: 5th
Event: Alaric the Goth sacks Rome in 410
Thought: The church is persecuted, Satan is bound, so the church cannot err
Story: at last he is converted through the prayers and influence of his mother, Monnica, and the biblical interpretation of Ambrose of Milan |
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Century: 5th
Event: His reforms against ostentation at Constantinople caused Arcadius much trouble. Marched to death in Summer of 407 around the black sea.
Thought: emphasized the change wrought by ordination in his book "On the Priesthood
Story: He stands for golden-mouthed as the finest preacher in the world |
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Century: 5th
Event: He comes to Rome and criticizes the laxity of Christians there
Thought: Human freedom of the will is so innate that each person falls on account of his own sin, like Adam did
Story: Came to Rome from his native Britain and after exiled, he is counted as orthodox both in Britain and by Greek fathers |
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Century: 5th
Event: translated Latin Vulgate from Hebrew and Greek
Thought: taught perpetual virginity of Mary and moral superiority of celibacy to marriage
Story: Named Origen a heretic but still used Origen's commentaries in his own |
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Century: 5th
Event: Followed Jerome to Palestine, financing both his trip and both their monasteries near Bethlehem
Thought: she articulated, along with Jerome, the superiority of the celibate ascetic life
Story: she was a rich widow from the west who was attracted to the east by asceticism |
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Century: 5th
Event: Council of Ephesus 431
Thought: distinguished between humanity and divinity of Christ; cannot say Mary bore God or that God suffered
Story: brought to Constantinople by Empress Eudoxia who arranged for him to be bishop, he criticized her morals and she changed her Christology |
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Century: 5th
Event: held only 4 Psalms to be about Christ
Thought: Stressed Christ had two complete and distinct nautres, and allegory was illegitimate in interp of Scripture
Story: was student of Diodore of Tarsus along with John Chrysostom |
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Century: 5th
Event: Council of Chalcedon accepted Cyril's and Theodore's Christology but not that of Nestorious
Thought: Hypostatic Union- Christ has two natures but they were joined in such a way as to be indistinguishable
Story: he fought long to get all Antiochene Christology banned, but in the end agreed live and let live, except Nestorious |
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Century: 6th
Event: he destroyed pagan shrines on his chosen retreat on Montecassino
Thought: Obedience to God and Abbot, giving up your own will to your spiritual leader
Story: in writing "The Rule" he drew from all the previous rules and formed a moderate consensus |
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Century: 6th
Event: left to defend Rome alone, he bought off the Ostrogoths from sacking Rome using church funds
Thought: he encouraged relics, asceticism, and missions
Story: Son of Roman senator, rose to praetor at an early age. Grandson of Pope Felix III. Chose ascetic life over statesmen life. |
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Century: 9th
Event: Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne emperor of Rome on Christmas, 800
Thought: Revived study of canon law and Sripture
Story: Charlemagne oversaw the Carolingian Renaissance and though crowned by a pope felt bishops should be subject to their secular overlords |
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Century: 11th
Event: wrote Proslogion as a deductive argument from effect to cause for the existence of God
Thought: developed substitutionary atonement in commercial terms of satisfaction: Christ paid debt we could not pay
Story: the Italian became Archbishop of Canterbury but was best known for his theological reflection |
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Century: 12th
Event: wrote the Sentences which became the norm for theological reflection
Thought: emphasized seven sacraments
Story: Taught at the U of Paris, and represented a new norm of theo being centered in universities instead of bishops |
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Century: 13th
Event: Founded Franciscan Order (and Poor Clares and Tertiaries) as monastic reform
Thought: He urged poverty, chastity, and obedient service, as well as public preaching and missionary work
Story: He was the son of a wealthy merchant who turned from his wealth to serve the poor. He did not at first intend the order, it grew around him, then he led it. |
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Century: 13th
Event: Aristotle's writings are reintroduced in the west from Islam
Thought: through reason and observation one can build a natural theology that parallels revealed theology
Story: called the "dumb ox" in school for his slowness of thought, he came to be known as the "angelic doctor" in later life for his meticulous reasoning. (his analogies= Thomisms) |
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Century: 13th
Event: wrote Commentary on Sentences
Thought: Emphasized will over reason and ontology over analogy
Story: Scholastic Franciscan known as "subtle doctor" because he combined Augustine and Aquinas and everyone in between. (His doctrines= Scotisms) |
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Century: 14th
Event: had 16 near death visions recorded as Revelation of Divine Love
Thought: everything has being through the love of God
Story: Writings ignored till 19th century when renewed interest in spirituality came about...God's personal love and atonement: All shall be well, all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well |
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