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4 Stress and coping
n/a
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2011

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Cards

Term
Stress
Definition
any circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten one's well being
Term
Frustration
Definition
when the pursuit of a goal is prevented
Term
Conflict
Definition
when two or more competing and incompatible goals occur
Term
Approach-approach conflicts
Definition
a choice must be made between two desirable goals. The least stressful type of conflict
Term
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Definition
a choice must be made between two unattractive goals
(having to deal with an annoying girlfriend or having to deal with breaking up with her)
Term
Approach-avoidance conflict
Definition
a choice must be made to achieve a goal which has both positive and negative attributes
(the choice between going to class and staying in your bed)
Term
Pressure
Definition
expectations or demand that one behave in a particular manner
Term
General Adaptation Syndrome and 3 stages
Definition
All types of stressful situations lead to a similar stress response consisting of three stages:
Alarm: the body releases adrenal hormones, sympathetic nervous system is activated
Resistance: body is on "high alert"
Exhaustion: increased physiological vulnerability to stress
Term
Stress of daily hassles
Definition
the sum total of mundane life tasks combine to create significant levels of stress
Term
Coping
Definition
What strategies you use to buffer against the stress cycle. Active efforts to master, reduce or accept the demands created by stress.
Term
Displaced Aggression
Definition
harmful act to someone verbally or physically, who is not actually the true "object" of the hostility
Term
Catharsis
Definition
release of emotional tension
Term
Self-indulgence
Definition
compensate for deprived/frustrated feelings by trying to promote a feeling of satisfaction in another area
Term
A bunch of defence mechanisms
Definition
Compensation, Denial, Fantasy, Identification, Intellectualization, Isolation, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction formation, Regression, Repression, Sublimation
Term
constructive coping strategies
Definition
healthy efforts to deal with a stressful event making one more resilient to the stressor(s)
Term
Problem focused coping
Definition
how to change the situation (fix one of the problems, pack the backpack the night before)
Term
Emotion focused, coping
Definition
how to change perceptions/reactions to the stiuation
(someone is worrying about being late so much that they make it a bigger deal than it really is)
Term
optimism
Definition
people with more positive outlooks handle stress better
Term
Social Supports
Definition
presence of social supporst provide adaptive coping/release from pressures. Benefits of "family dinners"
Term
Post-Traumatic stress disorder
Definition
enduring psychological distubance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event (war, car accident, tornado, abuse and chronic stress conditions)
Term
type a personalities
Definition
competitive, impatient and more prone to aggression
Term
type b personalities
Definition
more relaxed, easy going and less quick to anger
Term
Stress and Personality Style interact with health
Definition
type A personalities have 2x the risk of disease
Term
Who's at greater risk from STDs/STIs?
Definition
biological factors place women at greater risk than men. Chlamydia and honorrhea pose a particular risk to the health of women, and can result in infertility if untreated
Term
Coping strategies for the elderly
Definition
Exercise, recreational activities, building a sense of community
elderly at risk for depression that is undiagnosed
Term
Therapeutic interventions
Definition
can be used to identify and reduce stress and can be effective. Pets and Plants have been shown to reduce stress
Term
Physical Abuse
Definition
non-accidental physical attack on or injury to children by individuals caring for them
Term
emotional abuse
Definition
pattern of behaviour that impairs a child's emotional development of self-worth
Term
child neglect
Definition
absence of adequate social, emotional and physical care
Term
Risk Factors
Definition
certain characteristics which increase the risk or potential for abuse. May be in the child, family, community and society
Term
Protective factors
Definition
factors that may buffer or protect a child from maltreatment
Term
Risk Factors -> child related
Definition
prematurity, disabilities, difficult temperament, childhood trauma
Term
Risk factors -> parental
Definition
low frustration tolerance, parental conflict, unrealistic developmental expectations, look to child as source of love and support, substance abuse
Term
Risk factors -> community
Definition
lack of social supports and social services, poor economy, acceptance of violence and failure to value children
Term
Protective factors -> child
Definition
easy temperament, outside interests and activities, above average intelligence, good social skills
Term
Protective factors -> Parental
Definition
secure attachment, social supports, household rules and structure, education
Term
Protective factors -> community
Definition
good schools, availability of mentors and positive role models, religious faith participation
Term
Developmental implications of abuse
Definition
Social: children/teachers rate more negatively, less popular, more withdrawn
Emotional: lower self-concept, more behavioral problems, restlessness, hyperactivity, antisocial
Cognitive: perform lower on IQ and achievement tests, lower readiness to learn in school
Term
Cycle of violence
Definition
Findings that those who are abused are at a greater risk for abusing
Term
How to break the cycle of violence
Definition
Promote cultural attitudes against using violence
train children with non-violent conflict resolution
train parents in healthy parenting techniques
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