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4-Postural Reactions
N/A
17
Physiology
Graduate
02/01/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the three types of postural reactions?
Definition

1.  Righting reactions

2.  Protective reactions

3.  Equilibrium reactions

Term
What are the two types of righting reactions?
Definition

1.  Vertical righting reactions

  • Allow child to orient head in space so eyes and mouth are in horizontal plane regardless of body position
  • Examine with child upright, prone and supine

2.  Rotational righting reactions

  • Assist in restoring the boyd alignment to a neutral anatomical psition when segments of the body have been rotated
Term
Vertical Righting Reactions - Lateral, Anterior & Posterior
Definition

- Onset:  2.5 to 6 months

- Integration:  Maintained through adult life

- Procedure:  Support child under axilla and tilt 35-40° laterally, anteriorly and posteriorly

- Resonse:  Alignment of head with vertical is complete response, maintaining head in alignment with body is partial response

Term
Vertical Righting Reactions - Prone
Definition

- Onset:  1.5 to 4 months

- Integration:  Maintained throughout life

- Procedure:  Place child prone and observe cervical and trunk extension

Response:  Head lifted to 45° is appropriate response for 4 month old, by 6-7 months child should be able to extend entire trunk and pelvis so an upward concavity is observed (Landau response)

Term
Vertical Righting Reaction - Supine
Definition

- Onset:  4 to 6 months

- Integration:  Maintained through life

- Procedure:  Place child in supine and observe head lifting off surface, may elicit by pulling child to sit and observe for chin tuck

- Response:  Child lifts head off surface spontaneously while in supine, child tucks chin partially or completely during pull to sit

*Complete chin tuck not observed in all healthy babies until 8-10 months old

Term
What is the purpose of rotational righting reactions?  What are the two types?
Definition

- Purpose:  To restore body parts to normal alignment following rotation of some body segment

- Types:  Non-segmental rolling ('log rolling'), segmental rolling

Term
Non-segmental Rolling ('Log Rolling')
Definition

- Onset:  Birth

- Integration:  6 to 12 months

- Position:  Supine

- Procedure:  Passively turn infant's head, passively flex and adduct lower extremity, elicit head turning with a toy

- Response:  Upon head turning or flexion and adduction of LE, the rest of the infant's body rotates 'like a log' in non-segmental fashion

Term
Segmental Rolling
Definition

- Onset:  6 to 12 months

- Integration:  Maintained throughout adult life

- Procedure:  Same as for non-segmental rolling

- Response:

  • Upon passive head rotation or LE flexion and adduction there may be no response
  • Upon Upon active inititation of rolling, mature response includes distinct rotation between the shoulder and pelvic girdle
  • Head and trunk rotation about the central axis of the body
Term
What are protective reactions?  What systems facilitate the reactions?
Definition

- Reactions consist fo extension mvoements of the extremities in teh same direction of a displacing force which shifts teh body's COG

- All are maintained throughout life

- Synonymous with 'parachute' or 'propping' reactions

- Reactions are facilitated by input from:

  • Vestibular system
  • Somatosensory system
  • Visual system
Term

Downward Protective Reaction

 

Definition

- Onset:  4 months

- Integration:  Maintained throughout adult life

- Procedure:  Hold child in vertical position, thrust feet first toward surface

- Response:  Extension and abduction of both legs in preparation for weight bearing

Term
Forward Protective Response
Definition

- Onset:  6 to 7 months

- Integration:  Maintained throughout adult life

- Procedure:  Hodl infant securely about chest, move infant forward toward surface in head-first position

- Response:  Arm extension and abduction bilaterally

Term
What does asymmetry in the forward protective response indicate?
Definition

Possibly the presence of hemiplegic CP or a brachial plexus injury

Term
Protective Extension in Sitting
Definition

- Onset:

  • Forward:  6 to 11 months
  • Lateral:  6 to 11 months
  • Backward:  9 to 12 months

- Procedure:  With infant positioned in sitting gently push laterally, forward or backward to elicit protective response

- Response:  Child extends arm to side, front or behidn to prevent self from falling

 

Term
What is facilitation of protective responses dependent upon?
Definition

- Amount of force used to disrupt balance

- Speed of displacing force

- Point of application of displacing force

*Protective responses are highly context dependent and serve as a bridge to more complex, mature equilibrium responses

Term
What are equilibrium reactions?
Definition

- Complex responses to changes of posture or movement which seek to restore disturbed balance

- Movement of trunk and extremities in direction opposite of the force wihch is causing displacement

- Stimulus can be a push, pull or tilt of supporting surface

- Response can be very subtle or large

Term
Equilibrium Reactions - Onset & Procedure
Definition

- Onset:

  • Prone:  5 to 9 months
  • Sitting:  7 to 8 months
  • Quadruped:  8 to 12 months
  • Standing:  12 to 21 months

- Procedure:  Tilt supporting surface, displace COG by physical push or pull

 

Term
Equilibrium Reactions - Responses
Definition

- Prone:  Abduction and extension or extremities, with curvature of trunk

- Sitting:  Trunk extension or flexion to A/P displacement, abduction and extension of extremities to lateral displacement with trunk rotation

- Quadruped:  Similar to responses in prone

- Standing:  Ankel dorsi/plantarflexion, hip flexion or extension, trunk flexion or extension

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