Term
|
Definition
| an engine part that removes dirt from air entering the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circulating air around the cylinder block and cylinder head to maintain the desired temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sheet metal or other material that directs cooling air to the cylinder head and crankcase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrench used to loosen and tighten a bolt or nut with contact at six points, different sized wrenches on each end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure for checking the accuracy of a measuring device such as a thermometer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poisonous gas produced by incomplete burning of the fuel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engine part where the fuel is metered into the engine and the fuel and air are mixed; creates the correct mixture of air and fuel for the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a handheld power saw with teeth linked together in a continuous chain, often powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to chop small branches, leaves, and clippings for mulching, often powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a valve in the carburetor used to restrict the flow of air into an engine, usually used to start a cold engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of heat from one object to another object by direct contact; when someone touches a hot surface, heat is transferred by conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer without contact (ex. air cooling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| converts linear motion to rotary motion; the primary output shaft of engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a handheld machine that removes overgrown grass along sidewalks, sometimes powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tools that measure in English units: inches, feet and yards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the two points of a spark plug where the spark occurs for ignition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the air cleaner that separates dust, dirt and other particles from incoming air, preventing them from entering the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine that converts the energy in fuel to a mechanical force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hot gases coming from a running engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device to measure small distances between parts, such as the spark plug gap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the resistance force associated with two surfaces in contact sliding against each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an energy source for engines including gasoline, diesel fuel, alcohol and LPG (liquified petroleum gas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serves as a cover for the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the base of the small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid fossil fuel consisting of carbon and hydrogen used in small and automotive engines; also referred to as "gas" for short |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to trim hedge rows, plants and shrubs, often powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starting the burning of fuel and air inside the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decals for safety and instructions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to cut lawn grass, often powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a liquid or semi-solid that reduces friction between two surfaces in contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steps taken on equipment to insure continued operation and long life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tools that measure in metric units (i.e. millimeters and meters) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sharp cutting edge of a lawnmower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an engine part which reduces the noise coming from the exhaust opening of the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a liquid lubricant often used in small engines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wrench used to loosen or tighten a nut or bolt with contact on two flat surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special screwdriver for a screw with a four-cornered hole in its head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaft providing the work from the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forcing fuel into the carburetor to create a rich mixture for starting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a manual starting system consisting of a rope, pulley and return spring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used with a socket to loosen or tighten a nut of bolt in right locations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| steps and devices used to reduce the chance for an injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to tighten a screw or fastener with a slotted head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engine oil quality-based performance with respect to wear, sludge, rust and varnish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cover on a machine to protect the operator or bystander from injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to cut or tear things into shreds, such as leaves and grass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an engine less than 25 horsepower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to remove snow from driveways and sidewalks, often powered by a small engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used with the ratchet providing contact on six sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a liquid cleaning material for oil deposits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| engine part which has an air gap for the spark which ignites the air and fuel mixture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system to start an engine, mechanical or electrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to trim around areas a lawnmower can't reach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a meter to measure temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a valve in the carburetor which controls the quantity of the air-fuel mixture entering the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to turn up the soil to prepare for planting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| openings which allow cooling air to enter an air-cooled engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a liquid to flow (consider how water and honey are different); engine oils are classified by viscosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an agreement by the seller of tools or small engine equipment that they will repair or replace them without cost if they fail early |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tool to loosen or tighten nuts or bolts |
|
|
Term
| What are the five steps of the experiential learning model? |
|
Definition
| 1. experience - attempt to do without being told or shown, 2. share-what you experienced/observations, 3. process-analyze and reflect, 4. generalize-connect to real world examples and 5. apply-what you learned to a similar or different situation/practice |
|
|
Term
| The Crank It Up! project covers: (4 topics) |
|
Definition
| engine parts, tools, safety issues and what makes small engines work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Crank It Up! project helps with life skills such as: (7) |
|
Definition
| planning, organizing, comparing and measuring, decision making, communication, safety, problem solving |
|
|
Term
| Where do you find information regarding the quality of gasoline required by the engine? |
|
Definition
| owner's manual for the equipment |
|
|
Term
| Where do you find information regarding the type of oil required by the engine |
|
Definition
| owner's manual for the equipment |
|
|
Term
| What safety precaution is most important when observing an engine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen when you tip a lawnmower? |
|
Definition
| gasoline and oil may spill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| turns the crankshaft to start the engine |
|
|
Term
| What does the cutting height adjustment do? |
|
Definition
| allows the operator to control the height of the cut grass |
|
|
Term
| What does the mower blade do? |
|
Definition
| does the actual cutting of the grass |
|
|
Term
| What does the gasoline tank do? |
|
Definition
| stores the gas until the engine needs it |
|
|
Term
| What does the gasoline do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an engine hole for adding engine oil which acts as a lubricant for the internal parts |
|
|
Term
| What does the spark plug do? |
|
Definition
| creates the spark which ignites the gasoline and air mixture to give the engine power |
|
|
Term
| What are the main controls on small engine equipment? (3) |
|
Definition
| on/off switch, speed control and starter |
|
|
Term
| What does the on/off switch do? |
|
Definition
| connects or disconnects the electrical system to control whether the engine will run or not |
|
|
Term
| What does the speed control do? |
|
Definition
| adjusts the engine speed or forward speed |
|
|
Term
| What does the air cleaner do? |
|
Definition
| removes dirt and debris from the air entering the engine |
|
|
Term
| What are the air cooling vents? |
|
Definition
| openings for air to enter engine to remove heat from the engine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows machine to move easily |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main types of starters? |
|
Definition
| recoil/rewind and electrical |
|
|
Term
| What are the main parts of a recoil/rewind starter, and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| A mechanical starter usually consisting of a rope, pulley and return spring that manually rotates the crankshaft to start the engine |
|
|
Term
| What are the main parts of an electrical starter, and how does it work? |
|
Definition
| group of electrical components including starter motor; operator activates the starter motor to rotate the crankshaft when starting the engine |
|
|
Term
| With a rope rewind starter, the most effective cranking occurs if you ____ _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If it is operating at optimum capacity, a recoil starter should start within ____ pulls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a recoil starter isn't operating correctly, you should consult the _______ section of your owner's manual. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An engine is considered "cold" if it has been operating for less than ___ minutes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ______ _______ ______ is needed to start a "cold" engine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you create the rich air-fuel mixture needed to start a cold engine? |
|
Definition
| by choking (restricting the airflow) or priming the engine |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the operator primes an engine? |
|
Definition
| fuel is sprayed into the air passage in the carburetor |
|
|
Term
| What visual signal indicates a rich air-fuel mixture has been ignited in the engine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does choking or priming an engine work to start it? |
|
Definition
| the extra fuel more readily ignites |
|
|
Term
| Make sure all _______ _____ or ______ are in place before starting small engine machinery. |
|
Definition
| safety shields [or] guards |
|
|
Term
| To be safe, all _______ and _____ should be removed from the mower. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Before you start mowing, make sure all objects are _______ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe attire for safe small engine operation: (4) |
|
Definition
| boots, jeans, pull back long hair, no loose-fitting clothing that can catch in moving parts |
|
|
Term
| Make sure no one is in the path of the _______ ______ when starting the engine or using the mower. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how to start an engine: (7) |
|
Definition
| 1. Move to a well-ventilated area, preferably outside, 2. check fuel tank (at least 1/2 full, good quality, fresh, clean gasoline), 3. check oil, 4. open fuel shut-off (if needed), 5. chose choke or prime the carburetor, 6. turn ignition key or pull recoil rope, 7. set speed control (1/4 to 1/2 speed recommended) |
|
|
Term
| What is the optimal speed at which to run a lawnmower engine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to start a small engine in a well-ventilated area |
|
Definition
| because exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, an odorless deadly poison |
|
|
Term
| If the choke and throttle level are combined, setting the choke will also automatically set the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To start a recoil/rewind motor: (3) |
|
Definition
| 1. make certain you have clearance for your arm and hand for the entire pull-stroke, 2. pull the cord slowly until the "catch" engages, 3. pull with a firm and quick motion (2 or more pulls may be necessary) |
|
|
Term
| What adjustments are needed after a small engine implement is started "cold?" (4) |
|
Definition
| 1. after warming for a minute or two, adjust the choke to keep the engine running smoothly, 2. open choke fully as the engine warms, 3. start the blade or engage power to machine, 4. if the engine is running roughly, make adjustments to the choke or throttle |
|
|
Term
| Name two ways you can take good care of your tools. |
|
Definition
| 1. put them in a tool box or on a peg board to keep them organized, 2. clean them before putting them away |
|
|
Term
| Name three considerations regarding tool purchases |
|
Definition
| 1. buy tools with a warranty, 2. evaluate craftsmanship carefully, 3. look for tools in sets; they are usually a better deal |
|
|
Term
| Each tool has a _______ and it should only be used for that _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Properly _______ of used rags. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When working on any engine you should _____ ______ _____ ______ from spark plug. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary purpose of an engine is to convert the ______ in gasoline into ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Without oil for lubrication, friction can cause great ______ and ______ on equipment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oil comes in different _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of oil include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four functions of oil in a small engine. |
|
Definition
| cool, clean, seal and lubricate |
|
|
Term
| When an oil viscosity classification number is followed by the letter "W" that number indicates the oil's: |
|
Definition
| cold weather viscosity in degrees fahrenheit |
|
|
Term
| Numbers not followed by "W" in an oil's viscosity classification number indicate the oil's: |
|
Definition
| high temperature viscosity |
|
|
Term
| Oils classified as 10, 10W or 20 are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An oil with a classification such as 10W30 is referred to as a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for an oil's viscosity classification number is it's: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which oil would be better for a snow thrower--30 or 10W30? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which oil would be better for a lawnmower--30 or 10W30? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Service classifications for oil are based upon: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Engine oils in the 1940s and 1950s were classified as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most new cars require ___ oils. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Engines today are designed for _______ ____ _______ and ____ ________. |
|
Definition
| better gas mileage [and] less pollution |
|
|
Term
| New engine oils become available every _______ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For diesel engines, the current oil classification is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ oils are for gasoline engines and ___ oils are for diesel engines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All engine oil sold will have a _______ and a _______ classification. |
|
Definition
| viscosity [and a] service |
|
|
Term
| The viscosity numbers were established by SAE, the ___________________. |
|
Definition
| Society of Automotive Engineers |
|
|
Term
| The service classification for oil is decided by the API, the ____________________________. |
|
Definition
| American Petroleum Institute |
|
|
Term
| You should wear _________ or ________ gloves when working with oil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should you wear gloves when working with oil? |
|
Definition
| it has many harmful additives |
|
|
Term
| Who provides information on correct waste disposal methods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some materials used to remove oil stains. |
|
Definition
| corn starch & dish soap, hair spray, Cheese Whiz, shampoo, WD-40, Waterless Mechanic's Soap, Coca-Cola, Lestoil, aloe vera gel, trisodium phosphate (Spic 'n Span), pressure washer |
|
|
Term
| Small engine related jobs include: |
|
Definition
| mechanic, sales, engineering and education |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between an owner's manual and a service manual? |
|
Definition
| an owner's manual may cover several similar models; a service manual will be specific to a certain engine and machine model |
|
|
Term
| Where are you likely to meet individuals who work with small engines? |
|
Definition
| lawn service company, repair shop, hardware store, small engine machine department, park and recreation maintenance department, golf course maintenance crew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine that blows leaves from lawns and sidewalks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a machine used to trim around areas that a lawnmower can't reach (e.g. trees and fences) |
|
|
Term
| A safe work area should always include a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To protect eyes, always wear _______ when working with small engines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You should wear close-fitting clothing when working with small engines so they will not: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your should shouldn't have any: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In summer, ________ and _________ will protect your skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When working outside in winter, wear warm and comfortable clothes to protect yourself from ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small engines are useful but they can be ___________, too. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most dangerous parts of a small engine are ____ or ______ parts, or parts that could ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proper _________ can avoid accidents. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Safety signals alert people to _______ that may cause injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Safety signals are based on the _______ of the hazard. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The safety signals consist of a symbol and a ________________. |
|
Definition
| message to explain the hazard |
|
|
Term
| The (colors) __________ and __________ with CAUTION means: |
|
Definition
| yellow [and] black, use safety precautions |
|
|
Term
| The (colors) __________ and __________ with WARNING means: |
|
Definition
| black [and] yellow, greater risk involved with a specific possible hazard |
|
|
Term
| The (colors) __________ and __________ with DANGER means: |
|
Definition
| red [and] white, most serious possible hazard |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most serious safety signal: black and yellow, red and white or yellow and black? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most serious safety signal: DANGER, CAUTION or WARNING? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are safety signals missing from older machines? |
|
Definition
| 1. in the past, fewer safety signals were used, 2. they wear of or are torn off over time |
|
|
Term
| How frequently should you service a lawnmower air cleaner? |
|
Definition
| after 25 hrs of use or once per season |
|
|
Term
| How does one service a lawnmower air filter? |
|
Definition
| remove and wash with soapy water |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main types of air cleaners? |
|
Definition
| cartridge, foam and dual element |
|
|
Term
| What cleans the air in a cartridge type filter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you clean a cartridge filter? |
|
Definition
| gently tap it on a flat surface or, in some cases, wash it with soapy water |
|
|
Term
| What cleans the air in a foam type filter? |
|
Definition
| foam soaked in engine oil |
|
|
Term
| How do you clean a foam type filter? |
|
Definition
| wash it with liquid detergent and water, dry thoroughly and re-soak with engine oil |
|
|
Term
| What cleans the air in a dual element type filter? |
|
Definition
| porous paper and an oil-soaked sponge |
|
|
Term
| What element does the air pass through first in a dual element filter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sponge in a dual element filter is called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dirty air filters restrict the air flow into the engine and cause: (3) |
|
Definition
| lower fuel efficiency, poor operation, more air pollution |
|
|
Term
| How far should you turn a spark plug with the wrench after finger-tightening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common spark plug gap? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is a spark plug most commonly fouled? |
|
Definition
| When the engine is run only a few minutes at a time. |
|
|
Term
| What causes spark plug fouling? |
|
Definition
| when an engine does not run hot enough to burn carbon and scale from the unburnt fuel |
|
|
Term
| Overheating causes spark plugs to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A spark comes from the spark plug's ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Before removing a spark plug, you should: |
|
Definition
| wipe away any dirt from around the plug |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process for inspecting a spark plug. (6) |
|
Definition
| 1. loosen 2 turns and then wipe away any dirt, 2. look for wear, 3. clean threads with wire brush and remove deposits with a knife blade (oily deposits can be cleaned in a solvent bath), 4. check electrode gap and adjust if needed, 5. replace gasket if needed, 6. finger tighten and then tighten 3/4 turn with socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spark plug wire connecting end of a spark plug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ceramic layer around a spark plug's center electrode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the layer between a spark plug's center electrode and its ground electrode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the length of the spark plug's thread and gasket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance from the center electrode to the ground electrode in a spark plug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrode extending from the steel outer shell of a spark plug |
|
|
Term
| Small engines are typically cooled by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parts of a small engine get particularly hot? |
|
Definition
| muffler and engine block or base |
|
|
Term
| What can block an engine's intake screen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cars and truck are typically cooled by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cooled liquid cools an automobile engine via: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cooling air cools a small engine via: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a small engine, cooling fins are often attached to a fan or: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If your air filter is dirty, it becomes more ______ because air spaces between fibers are filled with dirt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A clogged filter can cause the engine to: |
|
Definition
| stall more easily, run rich, cause more pollution or not start at all |
|
|
Term
| A high fuel-to-air ration is called running: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For every gallon of fuel an engine burns, the air cleaner must filter _____________ of air. |
|
Definition
|
|
